CHM096
CHAPTER 1
ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
PART I
PREPARED BY
SYED ABDUL ILLAH ALYAHYA BIN SYED ABD KADIR
1
TOPICS
PART I
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Introduction to Hydrocarbon and
Functional Groups
Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
Isomerism and Overview of Organic
Reaction
Alkenes and Alkynes
Alkyl Halides
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TOPIC
INTRODUCTION TO HYDROCARBON AND
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
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1.1 Introduction to Hydrocarbon and
Functional Groups
What is Organic Chemistry?
• Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that focuses on compounds that contain carbon
– except CO, CO2, carbonates, and carbides
• Even though organic compounds only contain a few elements, the unique ways carbon atoms can attach together to form molecules leads to millions of different organic compounds
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1.1 Introduction to Hydrocarbon and
Functional Groups
What’s so Special About Carbon?
Carbon atoms can do some unique things that other atoms cannot
Carbon can bond to as many as four other atoms
Bonds to carbon are very strong and nonreactive
Carbon atoms can attach together in long chains
Carbon atoms can attach together to form rings
Carbon atoms can form single, double, or triple bonds
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1.1 Introduction to Hydrocarbon and
Functional Groups
What’s so Special About Carbon?
Organic compounds tend to be molecular
Mainly composed of just six nonmetallic elements
• C, H, O, N, S, and P
Compounds found in all three states
• solids, liquids, and gases
• solids tend to have low melting points
Solubility in water varies depending on which of the other elements are attached to C and how many there are • CH3OH is miscible with water; C10H21OH is insoluble
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1.1 Introduction to Hydrocarbon and
Functional Groups
Carbon Bonding
Carbon forms four bonds
When C has four single bonds, the shape is tetrahedral
When C has one triple + one single or two double bonds, the shape is linear
When C