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Indians of the American Revolution (History 101)

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Indians of the American Revolution (History 101)
Indians of the American Revolution

During the war for independence, the colonists receive support from the Spanish and the French to fight against the British. The Indian tribes of North America were also very involved in the fight and much like the American Civil War, some tribes were split; Indian brothers fought against brothers. Some smaller tribes supported the colonists however; the larger alliances supported Great Britain because of their commitment to recognize their sovereignty.
From 1754 to 1763, England and the American colonies fought against France and their Indian allies, which eventually became worldwide. The French and Indian war was actually a series of wars that took place in North America overland that both the French and the British claimed. The Indian tribes fought against the American colonists because of their encroachment onto their land; however, the Iroquois remained loyal to the British and help defeat French.
The Proclamation of 1763 was one of the acts imposed by King George III of Great Britain on the colonies in America. This proclamation was to prohibit the expansion of the colonists into the western territories and declared the Appalachian Mountain chain as off-limits; these lands were reserved for the Indian nations. From 1763 to 1775, a series of boundaries were set between the Indians of the interior and the colonists. These were the result of the treaties made between Great Britain and the in the Indian nations. The boundaries extend it from Lake Ontario down to Florida. Regardless of the treaties the colonists continued to move West beyond the mountains into the Ohio River Valley (Washburn and Utley 1977).
1774 was the beginning of the breakdown of the arrangements between the Indians and the seaboard colonists. Lord Dunmore, the Royal Governor of Virginia, wished to reoccupy the abandoned Fort Pitt, located in western Pennsylvania. This resulted in a war against the Shawnees and Delaware tribes. This also resulted



Bibliography: Congress, Library of. Two Continental Congress Addresses to the Six Nations, 1776, 1777. 1776. Http://frontiers.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/features/timeline/amrev/homefrnt/nations.html (accessed 01 08, 2011). Edmunds, R. David. American Indian leaders: studies in diversity. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1980. Foreman, Carolyn Thomas. "Alexander McGillivray, Emperor of the Creeks." Cronicles of Oklahoma. Oklahoma: Oklahoma Historical Society, 1929. 106-120. Graymont, Barabara. Iroquois in the American Revolution. Syracuse, New York: Saracuse University, 1972. Mann, Diane K. Native American Historic Context for the United States Military Academy. Research, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, West Point: US Army Corps of Engineers, Engineer Research and Development Center, 2006. Nash, Gary B. "The American Revolution in Red and Black." Phi Kappa Phi Forum, 2006: 21,22. Pettus, Louise. "Fort Mill Downtown Association." Fort Mill, South Carolina. http://www.movefortmillforward.com/catawba_indians_rev_war.pdf (accessed 01 20, 2011). The Doctrine of Discovery and U.S. Expansion. http://www.adl.org/education/curriculum_connections/Doctrine_of_Discovery.asp (accessed 01 19, 2011). Walling, Richard S. Nimham 's Indian Company of 1778. http://www.americanrevolution.org/ind2.html (accessed 01 18, 2011). Washburn, Wilcomb E., and Robert Marshall Utley. The American Heritage History of the Indian Wars . New York: American Heritage Pubishing Company, 1977.

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