UNIVERSITY OF MKAR, MKAR
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN THE WORLD;
UMM/SMGT/O1O/895
SULE PAUL ONAH
Abstract
The word revolution implies a dramatic change and is usually used to describe a political event like the rejection of England’s rule. The term also can also be used to describe an economic upheaval. In an ‘industrial revolution’ there is a dramatic change from a society in which most people live in towns or cities. For example, when George Washington was president the vast majority of Americans (some 90%) made their living by tilling the soil and some two hundred years later, fewer than 3% were farmers. Sometime between the year 1800 and 2000, the U.S experienced an industrial revolution that caused numerous changes in the …show more content…
The ability of the West to dominate the seas allowed Western merchants to displace others from the world trade system, The Eastern particularly the so called Indian trade until the end of 15th Century was under the control of Islamic merchants. “It is possible that the first words spoken by Christopher Columbus on stepping ashore in the New World were the Arabic greeting "As-salam alaykum". Arabic had been the scientific language of most of humankind from the eighth to the 12th century. It is probably for this reason that Columbus, in his own words, considered Arabic to be "the mother of all languages," and why, on his first voyage to the New World, he took with him Luis de Torres, an Arabic speaking Spaniard, as his interpreter. Columbus fully expected to land in India, where he knew that the Arabs had preceded him. He also knew that, for the past five centuries, Arabs had explored, and written of, the far reaches of the known world. They had been around the perimeter of Africa and sailed as far as India. They had ventured overland beyond Constantinople, past Asia Minor, across Egypt and Syria - then the western marches of the unknown Orient – and into the heart of the Asian continent. They had mapped the terrain, traced the course of rivers, timed the monsoons, scaled …show more content…
The initial inventions, such as James Watt 's steam engine, that prompted the Industrial Revolution occurred in Britain. Each invention spawned new technological developments in related fields. Transportation and communication innovations allowed products, people, and information to be moved more rapidly. Improved agricultural production fed the masses of workers who moved to the cities. Industrialization involved a shift in the organization of labor and the emergence of the factory system with its specialization of tasks and greater discipline. Industrialization also led to the creation of larger firms with greater access to capital and more advanced marketing