Influences On The Development Of Distress And Dysfunctions
Influences on the development of distress and dysfunction. Empirical indications suggest that psychological distress in the general population has three categories when considering the development of risk and protective factors of dysfunction: 1) sociodemographic factors; 2) stress-related factors; and 3) personal resources. The sociodemographic factors reorganize the traits of individuals that are inborn (e.g., gender; age; ethnicity) or that mirror the role of individuals in the social structure. These factors are the most common indicators of the populations at risk of psychological distress that could be targeted for prevention or intervention programs (Greene, 2004). The stress category comprises the occurrences and life circumstances
…show more content…
Psychologists, psychiatrists, and therapist depend on indications, symptoms, and subjective measures for determining when the observed individual is demonstrating symptoms that could be considered abnormal. Four measures of identifying manifestations of abnormality have been offered. They are often referred to as the four D’s; Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, and Danger (Nolan-Hoeksema, 2014). As examined above, behaviors, thoughts, and feelings are dysfunctional when they interfere with the person’s ability to function in daily life, to hold a job, or to form close relationships. Subsequently, the more distress an individual exhibits through dysfunctional, deviant, and/or dangerous behavior, the more likely they will be considered abnormal, or a risk to themselves or others. For example, cognitions that are out of touch with reality may cause a person to avoid leaving the home such as the case of a person suffering from agoraphobia. This person deviates from common cultural norms of socialization by remaining reserved and isolated, displays behavior that might be considered signs of distress such as panic, emotional outpouring, or uncommon fear.
Consequently, these individuals cannot function effectively because they cannot leave the home to support their innate goals of survival, and they may become a danger to themselves when irrational beliefs paralyze them to action. This example clearly shows how abnormal psychology manifests through distress and dysfunction. When a person feels that they are abnormal in their surroundings and cannot obtain their basic needs or goals, their distress soon becomes a motivation for
Psychologists, psychiatrists, and therapist depend on indications, symptoms, and subjective measures for determining when the observed individual is demonstrating symptoms that could be considered abnormal. Four measures of identifying manifestations of abnormality have been offered. They are often referred to as the four D’s; Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, and Danger (Nolan-Hoeksema, 2014). As examined above, behaviors, thoughts, and feelings are dysfunctional when they interfere with the person’s ability to function in daily life, to hold a job, or to form close relationships. Subsequently, the more distress an individual exhibits through dysfunctional, deviant, and/or dangerous behavior, the more likely they will be considered abnormal, or a risk to themselves or others. For example, cognitions that are out of touch with reality may cause a person to avoid leaving the home such as the case of a person suffering from agoraphobia. This person deviates from common cultural norms of socialization by remaining reserved and isolated, displays behavior that might be considered signs of distress such as panic, emotional outpouring, or uncommon fear.
Consequently, these individuals cannot function effectively because they cannot leave the home to support their innate goals of survival, and they may become a danger to themselves when irrational beliefs paralyze them to action. This example clearly shows how abnormal psychology manifests through distress and dysfunction. When a person feels that they are abnormal in their surroundings and cannot obtain their basic needs or goals, their distress soon becomes a motivation for