neurosurgery, working with lab animals, cell biology and the sophistication of scientific writing.
neurosurgery, working with lab animals, cell biology and the sophistication of scientific writing.
Regeneration of nerve fibers will occur only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have a neurilemma.…
and nerve cells – act together in an intricate system in each one of us. Through pioneering…
(Like medical doctor Michael Alexander said “Although nerve damage is irreversible, it can be treated by…”)…
Scientists are constantly looking for new medical advances that they hope will save people’s lives and often turn to animals as the optimal resource for testing new ideas and products. These animals range from rats and mice to dogs and monkeys. On top of varying animals, the tests they run fluctuate from simply checking the effectiveness of a medicine already in use to testing an entirely new form of treatment. However, there have beens years of controversy over the morality of using animals as the test subjects.…
As we know bacteria comes in various classes and are distinguished by their shapes, chemical configuration, source of energy either sunlight or chemicals, nutritional requisites and biochemical actions.…
In fact, Paul Furlong who is a professor of clinical neuroimaging at Aston University stated “it's very hard to create an animal model that even equates closely to what we're trying to achieve in the human”. Accompanying this Thomas Hartung, who is a professor at Johns Hopkins University has made several arguments against animal experimentation and has implored for additional research into animal tests because “we are not 70 kg rats” (Should Animals Be Used for Scientific or Commercial Testing?). However, this thought process is just the result of a lack of understanding of molecular…
I was exposed with Tuberculosis in 2010 at my job by a patient, was the worse experienced ever. Being on 3 types of antibiotics for 9 months straight and lose of weight of 102 from 120 in one week. My appetite, energy dropped dramatically. In 2 two weeks been treated and taking the medication I realized that I was losing my hair and eye lashes and getting fungus on my toes. All this side affects where from the medications. The feeling on knowing that I was exposed by a patient, who was not educated and came from other country having tuberculosis without him knowing about it, was frustrating and ignorant. I can still remember the pain and agony. As of now, I am still dealing to get my health and had developed other health problems, like depression, anxiety and insomnia. Tuberculosis has changed my life for ever. I thank god for giving me the strength and positive attitude of knowing that everything is ok and it will be fine that, I am lucky and fortunate and that is cure and help for and anyone.…
During this process of using stem cells or spinal cord injuries scientist look to repopulate damaged areas of the spinal cord beyond the area of the injury. Many studies have been performed on animal models of spinal cord injuries but these are limited. The limitations hamper each study’s statistical power to show the true effect of stem cell…
“It was quite a wild idea,” said Lorenz Studer, Director of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center’s Center for Stem Cell Biology and new MacArthur Foundation “genius” grant recipient. He’s talking about the obsession that’s shaped his life since he was a young medical student in Switzerland a quarter of a century ago: a question that just might change the way medicine works. Is it possible to create and transplant brain tissue to heal conditions like Parkinson’s disease?…
The overwhelming majority of medical breakthroughs are achieved after vast and complicated research activities as well as tens of millions of experiments. To be objects for the research in pathology and drugs, animals has its own set of advantages. Those chosen animals have undergone artificially cultivation and a series of rigorously screening in order to be the appropriate subjects for the research. All…
More commonly known as whooping cough, Pertussis is a contagious infection of the respiratory tract caused by the bacteria Bordatella Pertussis. Thick mucus accumulates in the airways, provoking heavy coughing spells. Pertussis can be spread via droplet. The infected person may sneeze or cough and the tiny germ droplets may be inhaled by any bystander. Whooping cough was seen mostly in children before, but after the development of vaccines against it the infection is found in many teens or adults whose immunity has faded and babies. Although death from Pertussis is rare, it is important for pregnant women especially to be vaccinated against the infection.…
This turning point adds pressure to cease animal testing altogether and to test their own cosmetics and, “carry out studies in humans” as is mentioned by Hester and Harrison. Another alternative according to Timothy J Maguire and Eric Novik begins with “approaches towards a multi-scale model of systemic inflammation in humans.” “having the potential to replace certain whole animal tests”. Novik insists that the need for animals for experiment subjects could be reaching a close, giving hope to save millions of animals lives each…
Pertussis has made a reemergence in well-vaccinated populations. Pathogenic adaptation and the decrease in strength are most likely the cause of the reemergence of pertussis. There is pressure for vaccine research because of the resurgence of the pathogen. Pertussis remains one of the leading causes of vaccine preventable deaths in infants under 1 year of age. Pertussis is a Gram-negative, bacillus called Bordetella pertussis. This bacterium binds to the ciliated epithelial cells in the nasopharynx of the upper respiratory tract. Disease presentation depends on age and history of previous infection or vaccination. Young infants present apnea and cyanosis, with or without disease symptoms. Adults and teens usually show mild symptoms, and have a typical prolonged cough. The human Bordetellea are classified as monomorphic, but there is evidence of genetic variation in B. pertussis. As far as vaccines, there are two types of licensed pertussis vaccines. The first generation is whole cell vaccines (WCVs), which are killed cells. The second generation is acellular vaccines (ACVs), which contain virulence factors. The WCVs contain whole dead cells that can cause more adverse effects compared to ACVs, which have been gradually replacing WCVs. Some of the virulence factors that the ACV uses are pertactin, filamentous hemagglutinin, two fimbriae serotypes, and chemically detoxified pertussis toxin. WCVs induce type 1 helper T cells, which assist cytotoxic T cells. WCVs also induce a broad antibody response against a range of surface antigens. ACVs induce type 2 helper T cells, which assist B cells. It causes a high antibody response against the vaccine antigens presented. Both of these vaccines give satisfactory long-term protection against pertussis. WCV is estimated to protect for 4-12 years and the AVC could last 5-7 years. Programs to vaccinate began in the 1950s with the WCV. This caused a dramatic drop in mortality and morbidity in children.…
‘’a drug to fight Ebola had showed remarkable success when tested in rhesus monkeys.” (Trull,2015) “More recently, animal research has helped pave the way toward restoring vision.” (Trull,2015.) “ Thanks to the work of scientists and physicians at Duke University, an experimental new treatment for glioblastoma multiforme, or GBM--an aggressive tumor that kills about 12,000 people in the U.S. each year--is saving the lives of patients who, just months ago, had little hope of survival. This extraordinary development wouldn't have been possible without animal research.” (Trull, 2015) However, about 90% of approved animal tested products don’t make it out of the lab, for they don’t work on humans. A lot of testing on animals is unsuccessful, and most of the time when it is, it doesn’t work on humans. This evidence shows that animals are different than humans and testing on them won’t help…
A first example of this promising new research is that scientists have discovered that ephrin and Eph prevent spinal cord neurons from regenerating after injuries. This means that if scientists can coax the neurons that are injured into rewiring themselves, it would provide a step in the right direction towards the process of repairing these types of injuries. Currently the scientists are experimenting with mice that were modified so the scientists can identify their motor and sensory neurons. The main focus for this experiment is to create a better understanding of how the crosstalk between motor and sensory neurons that would help in the research that is being conducted to see if it is possible to coax neurons into rewiring themselves. This research could promise a solution to injuries that have broken the connection between two sits of cords.…