Calman lectured us ‘medicine’s assault on people of color’, and more vaguely, the present racial and ethnic disparities that exist in health care in the Bronx, and presumably across the globe. In more detail, he discussed disparities that his specific patients faced, including assumptions (due to implicit biases) that he made through his time being a doctor, assumptions based off of fears, implicit biases, and racial prejudices. “I cannot provide Mr. North with all that…institutions have to offer. He knows that. He has often tried to teach me that, and just as often is amazed that I am unable to accept it…The same considerations my family or I would receive are rarely given to him…There is absolutely no doubt that Mr. North is treated differently than my white, middle-class patients are treated.” (Out of the Shadows, Dr. Neil Calman) This passage from Dr. Calman’s article ‘Out of the Shadows’ is a perfect example of just some of the discrimination that is apparent in the healthcare field for those such as men of color, created not by accident, but by design throughout the healthcare…