Invertebrate Zoology Notes
AP Biology, Chapter 33
Invertebrates [by clade]
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
PARAZOA Introduction Phylum Porifera: Sponges are sessile with porous bodies and choanocytes 1. Identify the parts of a sponge (including the spongocoel, porocyte, epidermis, choanocyte, mesohyl, amoebocyte, osculum, and spicule) and describe the function of each. a. Lifestyle: sessile, immobile filter feeders b. Water circulation i. Epidermis seals outside ii. Flagellated choanocytes lining the spongocoel push water toward the osculum iii. As water is sucked in the porocytes, the choanocytes filter suspended particles c. Nutrition: amoebocytes distribute digested particles d. Structure i. Mesohyl contains protein matrix and spicules ii. Constructed and maintained by amoebocytes e. Reproduction i. Sexual: most are hermaphrodites ii. Asexual: regeneration
RADIATA Introduction Phylum Cnidaria: Cnidarians have radial symmetry, a gastrovascular cavity, and cnidocytes 2. List the characteristics of the phylum Cnidaria that distinguish it from the other animal phyla. a. Have muscle and nerve tissue, lack well-developed mesoderm b. Radially symmetrical; mouth but no anus c. Carnivores and detritovores: cnidocytes paralyze and attach to prey d. Prey digested in dead end gastrovascular cavity e. Reproduce sexually, by budding, and by regeneration 3. Describe the two basic body plans in Cnidaria and their role in Cnidarian life cycles. a. Polyp i. Sessile, mouth up, surrounded by tentacles ii. Ex.: Hydra, sea anemone b. Mudusa i. Free-swimming, mouth down ii. Ex.: jellyfish 4. List the three classes of Cnidaria and distinguish among them based on life cycle and morphological characteristics. a. Class Hydrozoa: ex. Hydra; alternate polyp and medusa b. Class Scyphozoa; ex. jellyfish like Aurelia; dominant medusa c. Class Anthozoa: ex.
Invertebrates [by clade]
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
PARAZOA Introduction Phylum Porifera: Sponges are sessile with porous bodies and choanocytes 1. Identify the parts of a sponge (including the spongocoel, porocyte, epidermis, choanocyte, mesohyl, amoebocyte, osculum, and spicule) and describe the function of each. a. Lifestyle: sessile, immobile filter feeders b. Water circulation i. Epidermis seals outside ii. Flagellated choanocytes lining the spongocoel push water toward the osculum iii. As water is sucked in the porocytes, the choanocytes filter suspended particles c. Nutrition: amoebocytes distribute digested particles d. Structure i. Mesohyl contains protein matrix and spicules ii. Constructed and maintained by amoebocytes e. Reproduction i. Sexual: most are hermaphrodites ii. Asexual: regeneration
RADIATA Introduction Phylum Cnidaria: Cnidarians have radial symmetry, a gastrovascular cavity, and cnidocytes 2. List the characteristics of the phylum Cnidaria that distinguish it from the other animal phyla. a. Have muscle and nerve tissue, lack well-developed mesoderm b. Radially symmetrical; mouth but no anus c. Carnivores and detritovores: cnidocytes paralyze and attach to prey d. Prey digested in dead end gastrovascular cavity e. Reproduce sexually, by budding, and by regeneration 3. Describe the two basic body plans in Cnidaria and their role in Cnidarian life cycles. a. Polyp i. Sessile, mouth up, surrounded by tentacles ii. Ex.: Hydra, sea anemone b. Mudusa i. Free-swimming, mouth down ii. Ex.: jellyfish 4. List the three classes of Cnidaria and distinguish among them based on life cycle and morphological characteristics. a. Class Hydrozoa: ex. Hydra; alternate polyp and medusa b. Class Scyphozoa; ex. jellyfish like Aurelia; dominant medusa c. Class Anthozoa: ex.