Ironic Elements In Mark Twain's 'Macbeth'

8. anaphora- the intentional repetition of the beginning of a sentence. For example, in Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the Duke says, "Trouble has done it, Bilgewater; trouble has done it; trouble has brung these grey hairs and premature balditude" (Twain 127). Anaphora can be used simply to add artistic value to a text or as a rhetoric device to appeal to the emotions.
9. anathema- someone or something that is detested or damned by a particular group. For example, in Oedipus Rex, after his true identity was revealed, he was viewed in disgust by the his subjects. Also, in Shakespeare's Macbeth, Macbeth was despised as a king and damned because of his murders.
10. antithesis- a rhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put in the same sentence to achieve a dramatic effect. For example, Patrick Henry's famous quote "Give me liberty or give me death!" is an example of an antithesis. Utilizing antithesis's puts emphasize on the positive and negative outcomes of a situation.
aphorism- a statement regarding philosophical, moral, and literary principles expressed in a concise, witty manner. For example, in Macbeth Macbeth states that "life is a tale told by an idiot-- full of sound and fury, signifying nothing" (Shakespeare V. 5. 24-26 ). He is stating his philosophical opinion on life, saying, in a fancy way, that it means nothing.
12. apostrophe- a thought, idea, or dead person is addressed as if it has the capability of