Preview

Is Raising the Age for Ivf Treatment to 40 Cost Effective on the Nhs?

Best Essays
Open Document
Open Document
3329 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Is Raising the Age for Ivf Treatment to 40 Cost Effective on the Nhs?
The intention of this assignment is to highlight the fact that women are becoming mothers later in life and that doing so is adversely affecting their chances of conception. Since the introduction of IVF on the NHS the amount of people having treatment has increased over the years and so have the success rates, which have increased with developments in techniques and technology. As women are having children at an older age, it will be discussed whether it is necessary and cost effective for the NHS to provide fertility treatment to women up to the age of 42.

The age factors that affect the outcome of IVF will be investigated and comparisons made between the age groups, using data collected by the HFEA. One of the questions to be investigated is whether a woman’s age should be used as a factor for denying treatment, as some evidence suggests that using Ovarian Reserve testing is a much better indicator of the chances of success than age alone. This will then form the basis of the argument of whether or not raising the age limit on the NHS is cost effective in conjunction with the NICE draft Guideline Cost Effectiveness Studies.

This topic has been chosen as it is contentious, evocative and highly emotive. It is currently in discussions with the government and relevant authorities and organisations, and the draft guidelines set out by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence are in the process of being evaluated. This guideline will be summarised and a comparison made with the documents produced by the Primary Care Trust for Plymouth. This essay will primarily focus on the age criteria for treatment and theories and professional opinions around this. The ethics of IVF and the physical process, although relevant, will not be discussed but a glossary of terms will be included.

According to the Office of National Statistics (ONS), the average age of women giving birth has steadily increased in all four UK countries over the last 25



References: Alviggi, C. et al., 2009. Biological versus chronological ovarian age: implications for assisted reproductive technology. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. BFS, B. F. S., 2012. British Fertility Society. [Online] Available at: http://www.britishfertilitysociety.org.uk/news/pressrelease De Carvalho, B. et al., 2011. Ovarian Reserve Assessment for Infertility Investigation. International Scholarly Research Network, 2012(576385), p. 10. Earle, S., 2012. Fertility, infertility and assisted conception, Miton Keynes: The Open University. HFEA, 2011. Fertility Treatment in 2010 Trends and Figures, London: Hunan Fertilisation and Embryology Authority. Johnson, G., 2011. Holding back the British IVF revolution, London: s.n. NHS, 2010. Peninsula Elegibility Criteria for the Provision of NHS funded Assisted Conception, Plymouth: NHS. NICE, 2012. Fertility: assessment and treatment for people with fertility problems (update), London: NICE. NICE, 2012. NICE. [Online] Available at: www.nice.org.uk/ NICE, 2012. Nice consults on updated reccommendations for treating infertility. [Online] Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/ ONS, 2011. Office for National Statisticts, London: Office for National Statistics . Bibliography Donnelly, L., 2010 Pemberton, M., 2011. Finger on the Pulse: Infertility is distressing, but it 's a condition the NHS can ill-afford to treat. Telegraph, 16 May. Roberts, M., 2012. IVF age limit 'should be raised to 42 ', London: BBC News. Unknown, 2010. The Ovary Dialogues. [Online] Available at: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA232059829&v=2.1&u=cornwall&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w Unknown, 2011. New Assisted Reproduction Data Have Been Reported by Researchers at Imperial College. [Online] Available at: http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA258462053&v=2.1&u=cornwall&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Powerful Essays

    Hsm 542 Week 1&2 Discussion

    • 45403 Words
    • 182 Pages

    | Given the contentious debate surrounding issues of procreation, develop an institutional policy, which can be applied to the range of treatment and research issues related to procreation.…

    • 45403 Words
    • 182 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    A new ethical discussion is emerging in the oncology world due to overwhelming advances in fertility preservation in all age groups. The journal article “The Ethics of Fertility Preservation for Paediatric Cancer Patients: From Offer to Rebuttable Presumption” addresses the pressing need to discuss the ethics of failing to preserve fertility as this current practice may no longer be considered ethically appropriate for populations for whom established techniques are available. The current standard practice involves merely offering the option of fertility preservation procedures to children and young adults with cancer. Previous ethical discussions of fertility preservation have focused on the question of whether it is appropriate to perform fertility preservation procedures for a particular patient. The question at the heart of this article suggests the new discussion needs to address the question, “is failing to proceed with fertility preservation ethically justifiable?’” (McDougall 2015). The article gives some…

    • 982 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The article “The Hunt for Golden Eggs” by Brooke Lea Foster discusses donating eggs to help couples have children. The article briefly summarized how helpful and useful egg donors are to IVF patients and how they are truly “heroes” to those who cannot use their own eggs and suffer from infertility issues. Conception was once an easy task, but since 1980, in vitro fertilization (IVF) gives a unique and additional option to allow couples to have children who are “half” their own regardless of infertility in the mother. In exchange for a woman donating her eggs, she is given a substantial payment.…

    • 1371 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    A woman the age of twenty-five has decided that she does not wish to have children. She does the research, has a competent argument on why she does not wish to reproduce. She is not particularly fond of children. She has no desire to be a parent or raise a child. She does not have the resources to raise another person to adulthood and she does believe she is or ever will be responsible enough to raise another human being. She decided to go to her gynecologist and they have an appointment. She outlines her reasons and sticks to them like glue. The woman is adamant about becoming sterile. Her doctor becomes apprehensive toward her request after addressing the permanence and the risks. Despite the woman’s research and her beliefs on remaining childless, her physician outright denies her request. Recently, more and more women are choosing to remain childless. The way of life, dubbed child-free, is quickly catching on. These women may be either…

    • 1564 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    In the past a women’s age has factored heavily into the diagnosis of infertility, this appears to be changing. In 1984, the infertility rate of females aged 18 to 29 years was 4.9%; by 2010 the rate for this age group was found to be 13.7%. (Bushnik et…

    • 907 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Issues around IVF

    • 1344 Words
    • 6 Pages

    There are some women who can’t get pregnant and have to go through In vitro fertilization (IVF) in order to have a baby. IVF involves an egg cell that being removed from the women’s ovaries which is then fertilised with a sperm. In order to see whether the embryo is develops a record is kept once it is place in the women’s womb. However as it’s not something guaranteed a 100 per cent and it doesn’t always end up in pregnancy. Although “over 30,000 couples receive infertility treatment each year in the UK” (J.Herring, 2008: P-315), IVF isn’t offered to everyone. In 2004 around 10, 175 children were born through IVF and in some cases the sperm was donated. IVF is offered to women aged 23 to 39 which have had fertility problems for three year of more. Couple who don’t have any children are more likely to be offered this treatment (NHS, 2011).…

    • 1344 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Best Essays

    Prevention of early motherhood is a priority for public health in all parts of the UK, where conception rates per 1000 women younger than 18 years are among the highest in Western Europe (Office for National Statistics (ONS), 1999; ISD Scotland, 2003/04). In…

    • 1494 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    preimplantation report

    • 1681 Words
    • 5 Pages

    To start off with I am going to explain the history behind fertilisation. Back in the 1980’s, was when human IVF was fully developed, which coincided with the breakthrough of the highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology. Handyside and collaborators' first successful tests happened in October 1989, with the first births in 1990 though the preliminary experiments had been published some years earlier. In the first cases, PCR was used for sex determination of patients carrying x-linked diseases. This type of treatment then became highly popular during the 1990’s, as it was used to determine a handful of serve genetic disorders such as sickle-cell anaemia, Tay Sachs disease, Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy, and Beta-thalassemia. The future of IVF looks great, an example is when the government back in 2013, gave the agreement of using DNA from 3 people, to prevent the transmission of inherited disorders from the mother. Another example of the future development of IVF is a genetic screening that will lead to better pregnancy rates. This can be used worldwide, it is a screening of the embryos created by…

    • 1681 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    IVF and surrogacy give women who cannot give birth options to produce their own children. However, regardless of their benefits, there are more risks involved than there is in a natural birth. In chapter 4, benefits and risks of IVF and surrogacy are weighed and the extent that the usage of these methods should be limited is called into…

    • 321 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Infertile Couples

    • 503 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Up to 10% of couples in the UK who want children can be considered infertile. Due to this being such a large percentage there are now many ways to get round this through different treatments. Although some may pose potential problems for religious beliefs this does not hinder many couples from using them.…

    • 503 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    There are ethical dilemmas surrounding IVF and infertility. Infertility is a genetic problem that affects women; it is not the woman’s fault. With IVF the NHS only gives each woman one free cycle and after that she has to fund it herself. An ethical dilemma with IVF is the possible wrong that is done to the infertile couple or the expected child by the physician. The success of IVF depends on the number of embryos transferred to the woman’s uterus. Because the chance of survival of an embryo in IVF is small the more transfers made the greater the chance of the woman becoming pregnant, it also increases the risk of multiple pregnancies. IVF is not allowed by the Catholic Church because it separates the unitive and the procreative aspects of marriage. To separate the unitive and the procreative aspects of marriage is a mortal sin. In addition the sperm donor commits a mortal sin in order to harvest the sperm which is needed for IVF. Although one human life may be created through the IVF technique, many surplus foetuses, (unborn babies),…

    • 883 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    IVF essay

    • 1833 Words
    • 8 Pages

    The process of conception is open to a myriad of complications, starting from fertilization. If an individual, male or female, is infertile, they are biologically unable to contribute to the conception of a child. According to McArthur 's 'Infertility statistics ' (2007) one in eight couples are infertile. Ordinarily a fertile couple in their twenties having regular unprotected sex has only a 25% chance of conception each month. Thus, it is difficult to tell whether or not a couple is infertile. Only after 12 months of regular unprotected sex should couples under the age of 35 consult a physician about their fertility, this period allows enough time for conception to take place for a fertile couple. While couples over the age of 35 should see a doctor after only 6 months, this is because with time, the physical and physiological factors working against conception grow stronger, thus older couples should seek help sooner (McArthur 2007). Over the years, a series of medical procedures have developed, collectively known as assisted reproductive technology or 'ART ' to help grant infertile couples with biologically related children. Common procedures of ART may include Gamete intrafallopian transfer, Zygote intrafallopian transfer, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection and In Vitro Fertilization, more commonly known as IVF (MedicineNet 2013). IVF has been successfully used since the first IVF baby was born in 1978, since then it has been estimated that over 3 million IVF babies were born around the the world between 1978 and 2006, and by 2012 that number was published to have reached 5 million (International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproductive Technology 2012). In 2008, it was recorded that 3.3% of all Australian babies had been conceived through assisted reproductive technologies (Oxford Journals: Human Reproduction 2010). The process of IVF involves a procedure from which…

    • 1833 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    In Vitro Fertilization

    • 812 Words
    • 4 Pages

    First of all, infertility, a medical and psychological problem, affects 10% of all couples in the world. This causes lifelong psychological trauma for these couples and the fact that medicines have limited opportunities to help them, there is little hope for them to conceive. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is an established therapy when sperm and egg cannot meet inside the body.…

    • 812 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Nature as Therapy

    • 587 Words
    • 3 Pages

    There is a lot of debate whether or not In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) should be covered by insurance. More and more infertile couples are turning to the latest, most advanced medical procedures to treat infertility. With the rising cost of medical insurance, does it make sense for infertility procedures like IVF to be covered by insurance? In my opinion, yes; as an infertile couple why should we be denied the insurance coverage to treat our disease or have relief from the sadness and stress that affects one in eight couples today. In this essay I will argue that infertility procedures like In Vitro Fertilization should be covered by insurance companies which define “medically necessary“as safe and effective, non-experimental and appropriate.…

    • 587 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Better Essays

    “ The Medical Procedure of Egg Donation”. Egg Donor Information Project. Stanford university. N.d. Web. 3 Oct. 2011…

    • 1626 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays