Jackie Robinson Research Paper

English Skills 1
May 16, 2007
The Black Messiah of Baseball
Jack Roosevelt "Jackie" Robinson was born January 31, 1919 in Cairo, Georgia. He was the youngest of five children. Robinson grew up in an area of poverty, and he also became affiliated with a neighborhood gang in his youth. (2) He was persuaded by his friend named Carl Anderson to abandon the gang. In 1935, Robinson enrolled into John Muir High School. There he lettered in four different sport teams. He was a shortstop and catcher on the baseball team, a quarterback on the football team, a guard on the basketball team, and a member of the tennis team and the track and field squad. After graduating from John Muir High School, Robinson attended Pasadena Junior College and played
both football and baseball. (4)

In college, he played quarterback and safety for the football team, shortstop and leadoff batter for the baseball team.
On January 25, 1938, he was arrested for questionable reasons and sentenced to probation. In 1938, Robinson was elected to the All-Southland Junior College baseball team. On February 4, 1939, he played his last basketball game at Pasadena Junior College. After leaving Pasadena Junior College, Robinson attended the University of California, Los Angeles, where he was the first athlete to letter in four sports, which was baseball, basketball, football, and track. He withdrew from the University for financial reasons in 1941. (3) Robinson then went on to play football for the semi-professional, racially integrated Honolulu Bears. (5) He returned shortly after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. He was drafted into the military after the following year.
(6)
Jackie Robinson served in the United States Army from 1942-1944. His actions as a second lieutenant may have influenced President Truman's decision to integrate U.S. Armed forces in 1948. Robinson was charged with insubordination for refusing to obey an order to move to the back of a segregated bus in Texas. A military jury acquitted him, and he received an honorable discharge.

In the late 1940's, the Brooklyn Dodgers began scouting Jackie Robinson. The general manager selected Robinson out of a list of incredible African-American players. Robinson became the first player in 57 years to break the baseball color barrier. In 1946, he was assigned to the Montreal Royals. Robinson had an extreme year leading the International league in batting average and fielding average. He married a former classmate named Rachel Isum. In 1947, Jackie was called up by the Dodgers to play for the major league club. He made his Major league debut on April 15, 1947. Jackie played first base and went zero for three against the Boston Braves.

In Jackie's first season he experienced harassment from both players and fans.
He was verbally harassed by teammates and members of the opposing team. Some players threatened that they would sit out rather than play alongside Robinson. They ended the threats when the manager informed those players that they were welcome to find employment elsewhere.

In Jackie's first season he won the first-ever Rookie of the Year award. Two years later he won the Most Valuable Player award in the National League. He won his only championship when the Dodgers beat the New York Yankees in the World Series in 1955. After the 1956 season, Robinson was traded by the Dodgers to the New York Giants for Dick Littlefield and $30,000 cash. Although Robinson was welcome to play for the Dodgers, he did not want to play for them. (1) Robinson retired at the age of 37. Robinson became a vice-president for the Chock Full O'Nuts Corporation. Also, he served on the board of the NAACP until 1967. Jackie Robinson was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962. He was the first African-American to be honored. The Dodgers retired his uniform number 42. In 1971, Jackie's eldest son, Jackie Jr., was killed in an automobile accident. Jackie suffered from diabetes, virtually went blind, and suffered heart problems. He died from heart problems and diabetes on October 24,
1972.