Jean Piaget who was born in Switzerland in 1896 developed the cognitive theory which can be understood as the study of knowledge. This theory can also be described as ‘A comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence’ (Berk, 2009) According to Piaget, human infants do not start out as cognitive beings. Instead, out of their perceptual and motor activities, they build and refine psychological structures- in other words, mental “maps,” schemes, or networked concepts for understanding and responding to physical experiences within his or her environment. Piaget further attested that a child’s cognitive structure increases in sophistication with development, moving from a few innate reflexes such as crying and sucking to highly complex mental activities. What Piaget noticed from observation was that young children’s answers were qualitatively different to older children. This suggested to him that the younger children were not less knowledgeable but, instead, answered the questions differently than their older peers because they thought differently, so through years of observation he produced an explanation to how children learn.…