John Biggers Research Paper
John Biggers: The Impact and Significance of Symbolization in African American Art
The integrated symbols of African American and African cultural themes within the artwork of John Biggers greatly reflects and displays women playing a non-stereotypical role within society. First it is important to understand the definition of symbolization, which is defined as, "the systematic or creative use of arbitrary symbols as abstracted representations of concepts or objects and the distinct relationships in between, as they define both context and the narrower definition of terms." Now that I have clarified the definition of symbolization I can proceed in showing you exactly what a huge role symbolism plays in John Biggers' artwork and most importantly …show more content…
his murals. Therefore, by examining and explaining John Biggers' cultural roots and early lifestyle, along with Aunt Dicy, his last piece of artwork from his earlier art styles, and comparing his murals Longhoreman and Nubia, I will prove my opinion of just how significant the use of symbolization is to portray the important messages that are held within all of John Biggers' artwork. First of all, is the important focus of John Biggers' cultural roots.
John Biggers was, "from Gastonia, North Carolina, he was born in a shotgun house built by his father, Paul. The shotgun houses were very popular in this particular day of time because they were designed where every room connected to another, and their name symbolizes that you could literally fire a shotgun through one side of the house and a bullet would go straight through the house and come out the other end. They were very simple in their design and building shotgun houses took no time at all. John Biggers' father was a Baptist preacher, schoolteacher, farmer, principal of a three-room school, and shoemaker. His mother, Cora, did laundry and cooked for white families." Being raised in such a structured strong rooted up bringing John Biggers was raised in a family that was able to keep their feet on the ground, and they were able to ground themselves in the south where obtaining a structured and successful life as an African American was almost unheard of. Therefore, his childhood days gave him a strong stepping stool into the real world, and aloud him to strive for only the best, but at the same time he was able to keep things real by never losing the true perspective of things. Another lifestyle influence that took place and is displayed in John Biggers' art work is described when Cavan Leerkamp states, "As I have read and studied I would say the greatest influence on his art (other than of course his awe-inspiring teacher Professor Lowenfeld) would be his trip to Africa. What makes symbols truly special is a spiritual and personal connection made through an experience relating to that symbol." John Biggers' trip to Africa gave him hands on experience of the African Culture and aloud him to take his perceptions of the culture and apply personal and spiritual symbols to create a central theme within his artwork. The impact that the culture had upon John Biggers and his ability to soak up
their history, legends, and traditions has greatly been displayed and influenced his portrayal of African American's within his murals and he has contributed to the cultural impact within society itself. Secondly, around 1956 one of John Biggers' best friends otherwise known as J. Mason Brewer asked him if he would depict the images and illustrate his adult-teen stories. These images became some of the last images produced by John Biggers within his early stages and symbolize to make up the period of his early stages within his artwork otherwise known as his way and views of life before he visited Africa. Although the time period and generation that Aunt Dicy lived in might now have been ready for her, she was fully ready for them. John Biggers illustrates a character of that in, which, "The spirit of Aunt Dicy Johnson of Burleson County, East Texas, is one of self-assured determination expressed through her strong moral stance, her ingenuity and her wit. In the power of her personality, she becomes iconic of the strength of black women in the African Diaspora. From Aunt Dicy emerges the richness of character that Biggers would find again a year later in the women of West Africa, personifying the strength of spirit that enabled black people to endure the horrors of the Middle Passage and beyond . she creates a homestead in a Texas that is vast and often difficult, but she perseveres and ultimately she, the land and its white inhabitants all reach an understanding." Below in Figure 1 the cover page drawn by John Biggers for her catalog is displayed along with the name of her book.
Figure 1. Aunt Dicy Tales: John Biggers' Drawings For the Folktale.
In my opinion Aunt Dicy is my favorite piece of art by John Biggers. Not only is he able to create her every movement and non-movement to parallel with J. Mason Brewer's language characterization, but also he is able to create four different strong and bold character stances within each of the four stories. It also makes sense to me how John Biggers would have such a strong hold or attraction to Aunt Dicy; after all, he did create a very strong role model Aunt Dicy. She was portrayed over into three of Biggers paintings. One in which Aunt Dicy holds a shotgun on the front porch within John Biggers', First Shotgun (1951). Aunt Dicy is also symbolized and portrays a young gothic mother who is nursing her baby in John Biggers' painting, Mother and Child. Lastly, the expressive spirits of the market women in Nigeria are depicted in and with the upscale groups of the exchange depicted in John Biggers', Quilting Party, which is shown below in Figure 3. In this image the viewer is able to see the representation of Aunt Dicy through the women, and their expression of spirit in the market place of Nigeria. Figure 1. First Shotgun (1951). Figure 3. Quilting Party, 1980-81. Either way you look at it John Biggers and J. Mason brewer's creation of Aunt Dicy is brave, new, bold, and beautiful in my opinion. Although he had not yet been to Africa to experience first on their culture, John Biggers was still able to construct an amazing icon for the time period he lived in and discrimination that existed against black women. Another important use of Aunt Dicy in John Biggers work I believe was to portray personality as it was with the women in the south. Aunt Dicy's personality is described as, "Besides the strongly built forms, Aunt Dicy's body language defines her personality. Her steady gaze, her upturned chin, her pointing finger and her hands-on-hip stance are all African American body language indicators that state, "I am a force to be dealt with." Her long finger points to the voting box, to the smudged glasses, to the spittoon on the train, with an assuredness and a solidity that is expressive. Her independence is palpable: who will be the next person that she will take on?" This to me shows and has proven that John Biggers has depicted Aunt Dicy down to the very last perfection in order to make sure that she represents the south over and above what the south actually is. It is incredible to me that he was able to absorb all the culture of a African American woman in the South and as an African American Man who has the advantage because he has lived in the South his whole life, he still does the impossible and is able to depict and create Aunt Dicy who could represent and symbolize the struggle and perseverance of the whole entire women's movement of the African American culture at the time, but keeping in mind she only exists in teenager stories. Finally, in order to draw a conclusion, we must focus on John Biggers other artwork and his use of symbolization in these two art pieces that we must perceive in two completely different manners and perspectives in which that, "It is easily visible looking at the early murals Longshoreman and then looking forward at pieces like Nubia that a strong language had developed." Displayed below in Figure 2 is John Biggers Longshoreman mural and in Figure 3 is his Nubia mural. In Figure 2 Biggers depicts the busyness of a port in Houston and draws in the five senses to symbolize the characters and portray the constant commotion that is going on where he is located. John Biggers only had a very short amount of time to complete this mural because he had received a grant to Africa, and so this mural is a very influential piece of art that shows his adolescence and weak use of symbols compared to his Nubia Mural.
Figure 2. Longshoreman
Figure 3. Nubia
Lastly, it is important to know that, "To learn we must experience. If we cannot experience directly by traveling through Africa as he did then we must try the indirect route through reading and studying this history of these places he's traveled." By using this mural we are able to see that John Biggers artistic days before he journeyed to Africa were a lot more closed minded, and didn't depict as much symbolism, culture, legend, and felling as this mural from after his journey does. Therefore, John Biggers had the tools from childhood to be a very influential artist, but we must view these murals and take into account how influential it was to John Biggers when he went to Africa, and how it changed his artwork from that moment on forever. In Conclusion, John Biggers was raised in a very successful and well-grounded family for the regular living standards that were occurring in most families throughout the South at the time John Biggers was born. He was able to utilize and absorb the feelings and events that took place in his family and portray them to his viewers in many symbolic ways that were very significant to his artwork. He set women at such high standards and was very sentimental and dedicated to his views on the mother being the nurturer and caretaker and the father being the provider for the family. He put them on the same level, and was astonished to see things different when he visited Africa. John Biggers work greatly displays cultures, traditions, non-stereotypical roles that draw in his viewers, and prepared him for the greatest change to come which would impact his whole life and outlook on Art, his visit to Africa.
The integrated symbols of African American and African cultural themes within the artwork of John Biggers greatly reflects and displays women playing a non-stereotypical role within society. First it is important to understand the definition of symbolization, which is defined as, "the systematic or creative use of arbitrary symbols as abstracted representations of concepts or objects and the distinct relationships in between, as they define both context and the narrower definition of terms." Now that I have clarified the definition of symbolization I can proceed in showing you exactly what a huge role symbolism plays in John Biggers' artwork and most importantly …show more content…
his murals. Therefore, by examining and explaining John Biggers' cultural roots and early lifestyle, along with Aunt Dicy, his last piece of artwork from his earlier art styles, and comparing his murals Longhoreman and Nubia, I will prove my opinion of just how significant the use of symbolization is to portray the important messages that are held within all of John Biggers' artwork. First of all, is the important focus of John Biggers' cultural roots.
John Biggers was, "from Gastonia, North Carolina, he was born in a shotgun house built by his father, Paul. The shotgun houses were very popular in this particular day of time because they were designed where every room connected to another, and their name symbolizes that you could literally fire a shotgun through one side of the house and a bullet would go straight through the house and come out the other end. They were very simple in their design and building shotgun houses took no time at all. John Biggers' father was a Baptist preacher, schoolteacher, farmer, principal of a three-room school, and shoemaker. His mother, Cora, did laundry and cooked for white families." Being raised in such a structured strong rooted up bringing John Biggers was raised in a family that was able to keep their feet on the ground, and they were able to ground themselves in the south where obtaining a structured and successful life as an African American was almost unheard of. Therefore, his childhood days gave him a strong stepping stool into the real world, and aloud him to strive for only the best, but at the same time he was able to keep things real by never losing the true perspective of things. Another lifestyle influence that took place and is displayed in John Biggers' art work is described when Cavan Leerkamp states, "As I have read and studied I would say the greatest influence on his art (other than of course his awe-inspiring teacher Professor Lowenfeld) would be his trip to Africa. What makes symbols truly special is a spiritual and personal connection made through an experience relating to that symbol." John Biggers' trip to Africa gave him hands on experience of the African Culture and aloud him to take his perceptions of the culture and apply personal and spiritual symbols to create a central theme within his artwork. The impact that the culture had upon John Biggers and his ability to soak up
their history, legends, and traditions has greatly been displayed and influenced his portrayal of African American's within his murals and he has contributed to the cultural impact within society itself. Secondly, around 1956 one of John Biggers' best friends otherwise known as J. Mason Brewer asked him if he would depict the images and illustrate his adult-teen stories. These images became some of the last images produced by John Biggers within his early stages and symbolize to make up the period of his early stages within his artwork otherwise known as his way and views of life before he visited Africa. Although the time period and generation that Aunt Dicy lived in might now have been ready for her, she was fully ready for them. John Biggers illustrates a character of that in, which, "The spirit of Aunt Dicy Johnson of Burleson County, East Texas, is one of self-assured determination expressed through her strong moral stance, her ingenuity and her wit. In the power of her personality, she becomes iconic of the strength of black women in the African Diaspora. From Aunt Dicy emerges the richness of character that Biggers would find again a year later in the women of West Africa, personifying the strength of spirit that enabled black people to endure the horrors of the Middle Passage and beyond . she creates a homestead in a Texas that is vast and often difficult, but she perseveres and ultimately she, the land and its white inhabitants all reach an understanding." Below in Figure 1 the cover page drawn by John Biggers for her catalog is displayed along with the name of her book.
Figure 1. Aunt Dicy Tales: John Biggers' Drawings For the Folktale.
In my opinion Aunt Dicy is my favorite piece of art by John Biggers. Not only is he able to create her every movement and non-movement to parallel with J. Mason Brewer's language characterization, but also he is able to create four different strong and bold character stances within each of the four stories. It also makes sense to me how John Biggers would have such a strong hold or attraction to Aunt Dicy; after all, he did create a very strong role model Aunt Dicy. She was portrayed over into three of Biggers paintings. One in which Aunt Dicy holds a shotgun on the front porch within John Biggers', First Shotgun (1951). Aunt Dicy is also symbolized and portrays a young gothic mother who is nursing her baby in John Biggers' painting, Mother and Child. Lastly, the expressive spirits of the market women in Nigeria are depicted in and with the upscale groups of the exchange depicted in John Biggers', Quilting Party, which is shown below in Figure 3. In this image the viewer is able to see the representation of Aunt Dicy through the women, and their expression of spirit in the market place of Nigeria. Figure 1. First Shotgun (1951). Figure 3. Quilting Party, 1980-81. Either way you look at it John Biggers and J. Mason brewer's creation of Aunt Dicy is brave, new, bold, and beautiful in my opinion. Although he had not yet been to Africa to experience first on their culture, John Biggers was still able to construct an amazing icon for the time period he lived in and discrimination that existed against black women. Another important use of Aunt Dicy in John Biggers work I believe was to portray personality as it was with the women in the south. Aunt Dicy's personality is described as, "Besides the strongly built forms, Aunt Dicy's body language defines her personality. Her steady gaze, her upturned chin, her pointing finger and her hands-on-hip stance are all African American body language indicators that state, "I am a force to be dealt with." Her long finger points to the voting box, to the smudged glasses, to the spittoon on the train, with an assuredness and a solidity that is expressive. Her independence is palpable: who will be the next person that she will take on?" This to me shows and has proven that John Biggers has depicted Aunt Dicy down to the very last perfection in order to make sure that she represents the south over and above what the south actually is. It is incredible to me that he was able to absorb all the culture of a African American woman in the South and as an African American Man who has the advantage because he has lived in the South his whole life, he still does the impossible and is able to depict and create Aunt Dicy who could represent and symbolize the struggle and perseverance of the whole entire women's movement of the African American culture at the time, but keeping in mind she only exists in teenager stories. Finally, in order to draw a conclusion, we must focus on John Biggers other artwork and his use of symbolization in these two art pieces that we must perceive in two completely different manners and perspectives in which that, "It is easily visible looking at the early murals Longshoreman and then looking forward at pieces like Nubia that a strong language had developed." Displayed below in Figure 2 is John Biggers Longshoreman mural and in Figure 3 is his Nubia mural. In Figure 2 Biggers depicts the busyness of a port in Houston and draws in the five senses to symbolize the characters and portray the constant commotion that is going on where he is located. John Biggers only had a very short amount of time to complete this mural because he had received a grant to Africa, and so this mural is a very influential piece of art that shows his adolescence and weak use of symbols compared to his Nubia Mural.
Figure 2. Longshoreman
Figure 3. Nubia
Lastly, it is important to know that, "To learn we must experience. If we cannot experience directly by traveling through Africa as he did then we must try the indirect route through reading and studying this history of these places he's traveled." By using this mural we are able to see that John Biggers artistic days before he journeyed to Africa were a lot more closed minded, and didn't depict as much symbolism, culture, legend, and felling as this mural from after his journey does. Therefore, John Biggers had the tools from childhood to be a very influential artist, but we must view these murals and take into account how influential it was to John Biggers when he went to Africa, and how it changed his artwork from that moment on forever. In Conclusion, John Biggers was raised in a very successful and well-grounded family for the regular living standards that were occurring in most families throughout the South at the time John Biggers was born. He was able to utilize and absorb the feelings and events that took place in his family and portray them to his viewers in many symbolic ways that were very significant to his artwork. He set women at such high standards and was very sentimental and dedicated to his views on the mother being the nurturer and caretaker and the father being the provider for the family. He put them on the same level, and was astonished to see things different when he visited Africa. John Biggers work greatly displays cultures, traditions, non-stereotypical roles that draw in his viewers, and prepared him for the greatest change to come which would impact his whole life and outlook on Art, his visit to Africa.