Internal and external conflicts are prominent throughout human history in all societies that have existed. In the Pacific Northwest, the Native Indians tribes, both Plateau and Costal Indians tribes participated in intertribal warfare even before European and American intervention. With the incoming white settlers brought new perspectives, religions, ideas and authority all of which the Indians saw no purpose or understanding considering their culture prospered on the animalism & Earth belonging to all, friction and tension arose between the two communities, thus erupting violence and bloodshed as both fought for their individual perceptions and interests. This was the beginning of the era of Indian Wars, following the recent Missionary Era and flood of Oregon Pioneers. The wars caused bloodshed, slaughter and violent confrontations between the two races, massive discrimination and unfair justice ensued upon the Native Americans. The Indians, on their last stand was basically the Nez Perce Retreat of over 1,400 miles led by Chief Joseph. The Nez Perce had viable reasons not to go on the reservation and promoted peace to a great extent, all Chief Joseph requested is fair justice, by the white mans laws. However small conflicts and factors forced them to abandon their ideas of peace, and instead fight and retreat.
In 1877, General Howard was sent to the Pacific Northwest to move the Lower Nez Perce led by Chief Joseph from their current location, the Wallowa area to the Lapwai Reservation. He gave the Indians one month to relocate during which a small band of Nez Perce Warriors killed four white settlers out of personal vengeance. The U.S army retaliated and began confiscating possessions of the tribe in direct violation of their agreements. This made Chief Joseph reverse his decision of going to the reservation. In my perspective, the United States were at fault for retaliating aggressively, probably agitating and provoking the Nez