Naomi Ginsberg spent most of the next fifteen years in mental hospitals, enduring the effects of electroshock treatments and a lobotomy before her death at Pilgrim State Hospital in 1956. Witnessing his mother’s death had a traumatic effect on Ginsberg, who wrote poetry about her unstable conditions for the rest of his life. Allen’s poem “Kaddish” was written in memory of his mother. He first started writing “Kaddish” in 1957 in a Paris hotel and completed it in New York in 1959. It is often considered one of Ginsberg's finest poems, with some scholars holding that it is his best poem.
Allen Ginsberg’s poem “Kaddish” is primarily a mournful response to the death of his mother, Naomi. It draws on a Jewish traditional background as it addresses personal themes of family and inheritance, illness and identity. The poem takes its title from an Aramaic word meaning “holy.” It also refers to a Jewish prayer used in mourning. The choice of Kaddish as a background is appropriate for several reasons. In Judaism, mourners are encouraged to give full expression to their grief; Kaddish is one mode of this