What part does happiness play in determining the morality of an act in a situation? Can a concept that ties morality to the search of happiness truly be rational? What of the opposite? Is it possible to view every situation with objectivity, never taking into account an emotion (like happiness)? The questions above concern themselves with the part of the central tenets of the ethical views of two very important philosophers, respectfully: John Mill and Immanuel Kant. The ethical theories that these two philosophers laid out clash with each other in fundamental ways, from how reason was defined, to the role that “happiness” played in determining the ethical choice in a moral dilemma. In the following pages, I will attempt to present and discuss the theories of Kant and Mill, pointing out what I perceive as weakness in said theories, as well as the possible strengths of each system.…
The Hutu’s and Tutsi’s once lived in harmony in Central Africa. They lived as one group until the Germans sold the country to Belgium in 1916. Independence changed everything for the two denominations; the Belgians chose the Tutsi’s to lead the country because they were similar to Europeans, and the Hutu’s as farmers and other workers. The Belgians used the technique of divide and conquer to stay out of the conflicts between the two clans. The Hutu’s blamed the Tutsi’s for almost all of the problems they faced. In 1994, the president of Rwanda, who was a Hutu, was killed when his plane was shot down. Then, Tutsi rebels began killing Hutu’s.…
Philosophers Emmanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill both have different views on moral worth and Utilitarianism, which states that an action is morally right if it produces more good for all people affected or suffering from the action. Mainly, the question is how much of the morality of an action is predicted by its outcome. Both men have moral theories that differ on this topic.…
He believed that our actions must come from a sense of Duty, not because we care for or love one another but because it is our Duty to “respect the Moral Law” (p. 246). Judging the importance of a decision based on whether or not it was following a rule or set of rules is called deontological ethics. He believed that it was not the consequences of the action which were important but the person’s motive carrying out the said action. Many disagree with Kant saying that we must have a foundation to start from, a reason such as love or concern to do what is morally…
Emmanuel Kant (hereinafter “Kant”) believes that Ethics is categorical and states that our moral duties are not dependent on feelings but on reason. He further states that our moral duties are unconditional, universally valid, and necessary, regardless of the possible consequences or opposition to our inclinations (Pojman and Vaughn 239).…
Immanuel Kant's belief in good will was known as the Kantian Ethics. "The only intrinsically good things is a good will; an action can only be good, therefore, if its maxim." Every action or decision has to have the same conditons in order it for it to be universalisability. Each decision we make will be based off of which will deliever the ultimate happiness. Kant believes there is a moral code that constructs…
I agree with John Stuart Mills argument that happiness is the only basic good. Mill argues that basic goods create the maximum amount of happiness; which follows the principle of utilitarianism. In an article comparing Mills view on utilitarianism, it states “happiness is linked to morality. For instance, in general, it backs up murder’s being wrong, lying, rights.”(Mesacc, n.d.). I agree with Mills argument more than Kants theory because in most cases, people want the greatest amount of happiness not only for themselves, but for their close ones as well. Good will according to Kant’s theories has no limitations. Back to the Anne Frank example, the greatest amount of happiness would have been Anne Frank and her close relatives and for the person opening the door not to tell the Nazis she was there. The Nazis were only there because it was their duty to restrain all Jewish people at training…
Emmanuel Kant argues that the human understanding of our world is perceived by our experiences and only through them can we gain knowledge. Kant’s philosophic question is rooted in the theory of understanding; in short, what can we know and how can we know it? Most of our knowledge of the world can be derived from our observation of it. As children, we see things, touch things, smell things and so on. Gradually, we understand the world in which we live in; this is the knowledge of sense-perception. For example, wind has no physical form but we can see its effects and can classify it as being part of nature. Kant, however, perceives knowledge only through our experiences. So going back to the example of wind, Kant would say we have knowledge of wind not because we…
Kant believes that a good will is based on the attitude you have towards what you are doing; meaning that doing the right thing based on the fact that it’s the right thing to do is what makes up good will and doing what you think is good doesn’t mean that the act is actually good. This tides over…
Kant’s moral theory begins from the starting point of the good will. In assessing the moral worth on an action we must focus not on the consequences of results of the action, but on the agent’s will ( the motivation of conducting an action is really important).…
Immanuel Kant, disagreed with the Utilitarian principle that maximized happiness for the greatest number of people. In chapter 2 of his book, Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant theorizes an external critique that we don’t always act for desires but duty instead. Kant really has this worry and he wants to find a firm foundation for our moral laws. According to Kant, Act only on that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law. Universal moral law is not empirical, not based on experience because then it is not justified and can take on different meanings. Once you strip away everything empirical, contingent, subjective about you will be left with a rational (form of the action itself). When…
Kant was a deontologist who believed that knowledge was created by the mind, not external factors; because of this he wanted to unite reason and experience. Humanity’s frail nature was the human condition according to Kant, their struggle to make moral decisions and do the right thing can only be solved by employing reason and his three maxims when decision making.…
To act out of respect for the moral law, in Kant’s view, is to be moved to act by moral requirements even when you are not moved by the moral law itself. Morality begins to depreciate when moral acts are done at the convenience of humankind, because the moral self, starts to lose sight of the importance of others, and what is the point of morality if it is not to enrich our own lives by helping…
I believe that Immanuel Kant would see Carter Druse's action of shooting his father as moral. Kant was an ethicist that believed that morality was based on duty, that ethics is absolute, not conditional, and is based on reason, not feelings. (Pojman, Vaughn 309)…
He has a deontological and absolute approach to ethics, to Kant what makes an action good is when you do your ‘duty’ and that one’s duty is to always flow the moral law. We should not act out of love or compassion. The motive is what makes an action good –nothing else! The consequences to Kant are meaningless it’s the act itself that needs to be right an example of his thinking would be its immoral to kill 1 man in order to save 10. For Kant the fact that we ‘ought’ to do something implies that it is possible to do it. Thus moral statements are prescriptive: they prescribe an action. Ought implies can, ‘if I ought to do X’, it means ‘I can do X’. Kant also believed that moral statements are a priori (knowable prior to experience) and synthetic, that they can be verified by our empirical evidence so are either true or false.…