Philosophy is the critical examination of our foundational beliefs concerning the nature of reality, knowledge, and truth, and our moral and social values.…
Knowledge, the key to progress, has proven to be a human being’s most powerful and significant weapon. We gain knowledge when we put our brain to work at the problems we need to solve in life. It doesn’t matter what we are trying to accomplish, whether it be creating a new technology or learning how to put together a puzzle, the matter of fact is that both request great examination and research to resolve and learn. Scientific research is a technique used to investigate phenomena, correct previous understanding, and acquire new knowledge. Knowledge could lead us to a possible cure for cancer, an alternative for fossil fuels, and the creation of a revolutionary technology. Nevertheless, all these benefits are a reason why John M. Barry writes about scientific research with admiration, curiosity, and passion in which he blends a use of rhetorical strategies in order to give off an overall perspective of the necessity and mystery within scientific research.…
“Modern philosophy began with an enthusiastic faith in the powers of human reason to reach the truth. It represented a protest against the methods of Scholasticism and demanded a free field for unrestricted inquiry to work out its own salvation.[2]”…
Alan Chalmers, a British-Australian philosopher of science and best-selling author, suggests a common view of science by which scientific knowledge is ‘reliable’ and ‘objectively proven’ knowledge that is derived from facts of experience, experimental procedure and observations. This essay aims to discuss the problems that are likely to be highlighted by a Popperian hypothetico-deductivist when confronted with Chalmers’ adverse views on the validity of the scientific method. Both Alan Chalmers and Karl Popper - renowned for the development of hypothetico-deductivist/falsificationist account of science - represent the two major, contradictory theories (falsification and induction) regarding the functionality of science. I will be structuring my argument around these two models and the several complications surrounding the inductivist’s account of science that are seemingly solved by Popper’s alternative.…
According to Sir Karl Popper, science is an ‘open’ belief system. An open belief system is where every scientist’s theories are open to scrutiny, criticism and testing by others. For example everyone has access to scientific information and none is kept away from the public or other scientists. Popper believes that science is governed by the principle of falsificationism whereby scientists seek to falsify existing theories by deliberate experiments that might produce information which would contradict the current theories. In Popper’s views, the growth of our understanding of the world is based on the discarding of falsified claims. Scientific knowledge is built upon as new claims arise which would mean it’s cumulative. Science as a sustainable and sturdy belief system is questionable. Despite great achievements, it isn’t possible to take the current theories as unquestionably true. For example, for centuries it was believed the sun revolved around the earth however, Copernicus falsified this knowledge-claim.…
Bibliography: Sosa, Ernest [1980]: “The Raft and the Pyramid: Coherence Versus Foundations in the Theory of Knowledge.” In Midwest Studies in Philosophy, Vol. 5: Studies in Epistemology. Minneapolis MN: University of Minneapolis Press: 3–25. Stace, W.T. [1967]: “Science and the Physical World.” In Man Against Darkness and Other Essays. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. Tye, Michael [2009]: “A New Look at the Speckled Hen.” In Analysis 60, April: 258–63. Yolton, John W. [1970]: Locke and the Compass of Human Understanding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.…
Though science is often considered a field for those who want concrete answers and find speculation something beneath them, John M. Barry reveals quite the opposite. Through this passage, Barry shows his reader through numerous rhetorical strategies that scientific research is actually a field for the daring and courageous willing to be left unsure of most answers and rely on faith that someday their work will yield something of importance on the subject.…
Solomon, R.C. & Higgins, K.M. (2015). The Big Question: A Short Introduction to Philosophy (9th ed.) [Online version]. Retrieved from AIU Online Virtual Campus. Introduction to Philosophy: PHIL201-1503A-03 website.…
“The essence of being human is that one does not seek perfection,” stated by the British author, George Orwell. Everyone should understand that perfection is unachievable; therefore, humans carry various flaws. William Shakespeare demonstrates this in the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet where although Romeo is the tragic hero, he also shows an excessive amount of tragic flaws that bring him down throughout the play. One of the flaws that he carries is falling in love too quickly and deeply. In another flaw, he shows his impulsiveness. His last tragic flaw illustrates how naïve he is to believe in fate.…
As one sociologist Popper argues that science is a open belief system where every scientist’s theory can be falsified, as science can be open to criticism and tested by others. For example if scientist argues water boils at 100 degrees Celsius this can be tested (falsified). However with religion this is impossible as you are unable to test religious ideas on what happens after death. This leads to religion not being falsified and science ruled by the theory of falsification. Thus leading to Popper to believe science has been successful in explaining and controlling the world becoming the main ideological influence in society today.…
Truly, love takes on many different forms. Love, for many centuries, has been given many different names. It also serves different functions. To distinguish a specific type of love, one of them is called eros. How love as eros can be defined is based upon the utilization of a specific writer’s perspective. Numerous published written works may account for the definition of eros. In this Essay, Plato’s perception of love as eros will be described. Furthermore, how and why Socrates, of “The Apology” by Plato, embodies Plato’s definition of eros will be shown. This embodiment will be based off Plato’s eros as poor being, eros as an intermediary between God and men, and eros as resemblance of the “god of Plenty”, eros’ father (Needleman 15 – 17).…
A nursing philosophy explains what nursing is and why nurses practice the way that they…
Walter Gropius was one of the most important architects and educators of the 20th century. The son of a successful architect, Gropius received his professional training in Munich. After a year of travel through Spain and Italy, he joined the office of Peter Behrens, the most important European architect of the day, in Berlin. In 1910, Gropius left Behrens to work in partnership with Adolf Meyer until 1924-25. This period was the most fruitful of Gropius's long career; he designed most of his significant buildings during this time. The Fagus factory in Alfeld-an-der-Leine (1911) immediately established his reputation as an important architect. Notable for its extensive glass exterior and narrow piers, the facade of the main wing is the forerunner of the modern metal and glass curtain wall. The omission of solid elements at the corners of the structure heightens the impression of the building as a glass-enclosed, transparent volume.…
The philosophy of science is the study of how science goes about its own business, that is, how science obtains knowledge. Knowledge must be obtained gradually. How knowledge is obtained, and even what knowledge really is, remains controversial. One aspect of scientific activity that all philosophers of science seem to agree on is the dialectical nature of scientific knowledge. In other words, it seems clear that scientists are in a constant swing between adherence to rules of proper scientific conduct such as methodologies, theories, hypothesis, and the rejection of these same rules to adopt new ideas. The philosophy of psychology also closely monitors contemporary work conducted in cognitive neuroscience, evolutionary psychology, and artificial…
The question ““The knower’s perspective is essential in the pursuit of knowledge.” To what extent do you agree?” prompts us to investigate the part knower’s perspective plays in achieving knowledge. This question is particularly interesting because it gives us the opportunity to examine certain people like Albert Einstein whose unique perspective at the time has led to numerous scientific discoveries. Also the question allows us to have a different approach based on the areas of knowledge, giving a large amount of examples to use. The real life examples that will be provided later on in this essay proves that perspective plays a key role in pursuit of…