ketone/aldehyde qualitative identification
Abstract: A qualitative analysis experiment was conducted to determine the identity of an unknown aldehyde or ketone. The tests include a Tollens test, a Schiff test, an iodoform test, and a derivative melting point test. The data of the first three tests was inconclusive. The final derivative melting point test was utilized to successfully determine that the unknown was the ketone, Propiophenone.
Introduction:
Qualitative analysis is a method or series of methods used to determine the identity of an unknown compound (1). It is imperative that two main rules are always followed when conducting a qualitative analysis (1). The first rule is that the instructions must be followed exactly. The second rule is that a known positive test and a known negative test should always be performed for a comparative visual analysis (1). If these rules are broken, the analysis will give an inconclusive result (1).
Several different fields depend on qualitative analysis to aid in their ability to identify organic chemicals. For example, atomic absorption spectrometry is used by toxicologists to check for cadmium and lead and other chemicals in potable water (2). Also, gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry is used by biologists and agricultural scientists to check soil for volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) (3). In addition to these, qualitative analysis is useful for determining medical diagnoses, developing industrial materials, and for pharmaceutical and forensic research (4). This experiment focuses on determining if an unknown chemical is an aldehyde or a ketone. This determination is made based on the results of a Tollens Test, a Schiff test, an iodoform test and a derivative melting point analysis.
An aldehyde is a Carbonyl group that is attached to a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom (5). Aldehydes are useful as perfumes, flavoring agents, dyes and in plastic development (5). One of the most important industrial aldehydes is formaldehyde (5).
A Ketone
Introduction:
Qualitative analysis is a method or series of methods used to determine the identity of an unknown compound (1). It is imperative that two main rules are always followed when conducting a qualitative analysis (1). The first rule is that the instructions must be followed exactly. The second rule is that a known positive test and a known negative test should always be performed for a comparative visual analysis (1). If these rules are broken, the analysis will give an inconclusive result (1).
Several different fields depend on qualitative analysis to aid in their ability to identify organic chemicals. For example, atomic absorption spectrometry is used by toxicologists to check for cadmium and lead and other chemicals in potable water (2). Also, gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry is used by biologists and agricultural scientists to check soil for volatile organic compounds (VOC’s) (3). In addition to these, qualitative analysis is useful for determining medical diagnoses, developing industrial materials, and for pharmaceutical and forensic research (4). This experiment focuses on determining if an unknown chemical is an aldehyde or a ketone. This determination is made based on the results of a Tollens Test, a Schiff test, an iodoform test and a derivative melting point analysis.
An aldehyde is a Carbonyl group that is attached to a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom (5). Aldehydes are useful as perfumes, flavoring agents, dyes and in plastic development (5). One of the most important industrial aldehydes is formaldehyde (5).
A Ketone