The Keystone XL Pipeline system is used for transporting oil from the Athabasca oil sands in Alberta Canada to the United States. There are four different phases of this pipeline. Phases one and two are already complete. The first phase of the pipeline starts at the Keystone Hardisty Terminal in Canada and stops at Wood River and Patoka, Illinois, and then phase two starts in Steele City, Nebraska and stretches down to Cushing, Oklahoma. The completed pipeline is over 2000 miles long. Then you have phase three that would carry the oil to Nederland, Texas and Houston, Texas. Phase four is would start in Alberta, Canada and run through Montana and South Dakota and join with the existing pipeline in Steele City, Nebraska (Keystone XL Pipeline Project).
The oil will be transported to oil refineries located in Illinois, Oklahoma and The Gulf Coast of Texas. There are two current pipelines coming from Alberta, Canada to the United States. Keystone phase one was completely built in 2010 and put in about 1900 mile pipeline from Hardisty, Alberta, Canada to America’s Midwest and is connecting about 35 hundred barrels of oil per day to Illinois. Keystone phase two was built in 2011 added 300 miles to Oklahoma increasing to 590,000 barrels of oil per day. TransCanada is already looking into the future with Keystone phase three hoping to be built off the Gulf Coast increasing to 1.1 million barrels of oil per day. Like all other pipelines, the project must secure permits, land rights and other commercial contracts in the United States and Canada to proceed. The oil brought into the United States from the Athabasca oil sands is bitumen and needs to be thoroughly cleaned, which means burning it at a high temperature, and this will lead to air pollution and higher greenhouse emissions. Environmental organizations have been lobbying against the pipeline due to the potential negative impact it can have on air, water and wildlife. President Obama postponed