The behaviourist approach is based on the concept of explaining behaviour through observation and the belief in which our environment is what causes us to behave differently. The behavioural learning model learning is the result of conditioning. The foundation of conditioning is that a reward following a desirable response performs as a reinforcer and increases the possibility that the desirable response will be repeated. Reinforcement is said to be the core of the behaviourist approach. Furthermore, once a desired behaviour established, irregular reinforcement maintains the behaviour. The behaviourist theory approaches are frequently used in weight loss, smoking cessation, assertiveness training and anxiety-reduction programs. The significance of frequently and…
The behavioural learning model learning is the result of conditioning. The basis of conditioning is that a reward following a desirable response acts as a reinforcement and increases the likelihood that the desirable response will be repeated. Reinforcement is the core of the behaviourist approach. Continuous reinforcement in every instance of desirable behaviour is useful when a behaviour is being introduced. Once a desired behaviour is established, intermittent reinforcement maintains the behaviour. Behaviourist theory approaches are frequently used in weight loss, smoking cessation, assertiveness training, and anxiety-reduction programs. The importance of regularly and…
Aversion therapy, a psychological treatment, is different from behavioural approach, which is to use electric shock treatments or other unpleasant stimulation to make people feel negative experience of smoking. This is supposed to assist people from smoking again. For example, according to Lowe (cited in Hajek, 2011) reported that covert sensitization or symbolic aversion causes negative aversive consequences of smoking, include nausea and vomiting, and the relief following putting out the cigarette. Additionally, exercise, a specific behavioural therapy of smoking cessation, is used to help “people give up smoking by moderating nicotine withdrawal and cravings, and by helping to manage” (Ussher, Taylor, & Faulkner, 2012). Taking regular exercise could may aid people avoid to return to smoking in long-term treatment. According to Ussher et al. (2012), “the exercise component more than doubled the likelihood of not smoking after 12 months”. Compare with aversion therapy and exercise, they have significant and specific effect on smokers who want to stop smoking, however, in some cases, it is possible that these interventions should combined with other smoking cessation…
The process of trying to quit smoking is harder than one could ever imagine. This addiction will have you on a terrible emotional roller coaster where you’ll begin to have mixed emotions about what to do. People already smoke cigarettes for totally different reasons, such as loosing weight, relieving stress, and to control unwanted feelings. In the beginning your negative emotions will begin to over power the positive. On one hand your intellect knows that smoking cigarettes is a terrible thing to do to your body and your environment, and you want to quit, but on the other hand the biological brain has been formed to seek gratification and avoid grief. When it comes to trying to quit smoking several brain functions and structures are involved with this process as well as your environment and heredity. This paper will discuss the brain structures and functions that are involved with your behavior and emotions to drive people to smoke and quit smoking. And it will also discuss weather or not smoking is hereditary and how much effect the environment has on an individual who is trying to quit smoking.…
Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1983). Stages and processes of self-change of smoking:…
References: Bartlett, Y., Sheeran, P., & Hawley, M. (2013). Effective behavior change techniques in smoking…
Ben is an A student, who stresses all the time when it comes to exams and has never smoke but believes that it is harmful in many ways. To change his attitude and behavior towards smoking, I would take him out to a party a week before an exam. I would explain to him how smoking is a tool use to relax a person’s thoughts without offering him a cigarette. As the party continues, people begin to loosen up while Ben is still stressing over school. He starts to remember what I told him earlier, he looks at the “positive” side of smoking. Than he picks up a cigarette and begins to smoke. He notices how calm he gets when he smokes and tells himself that this will lower his stress. What Ben is experiencing is cognitive dissonance. Ben starts to realize an issue within him; he enjoys smoking more than his belief in smoking. Time will pass by and Ben will find all kind of reasons to explain his unhealthy habit. The alternative is to feel a great deal of…
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You didn't decide to fall into the nicotine trap. But like all traps, it is designed to ensure that you remain trapped. Ask yourself, when you lit those first experimental cigarettes, did you decide to remain a smoker as long as you have? So when are you going to quit? Tomorrow? Next, year? Stop kidding yourself! The trap is designed to hold you for life. Why else do you think all these other smokers don't quit before it kills them? This book was first published by Penguin a decade ago and has been a bestseller every year since then, I now have ten years' feedback. As you will soon be reading, the feedback has revealed information that has exceeded my wildest aspirations of the effectiveness of my method. It has also revealed two aspects of EASYWAY that have caused me concern. The second I will he covering later. The first arose from the letters that I have received. I give three typical…
Just like you Nushrat, I don’t have any experience of tobacco. Besides the fact that nicotine harms our body, I personally don’t like the smell of cigarettes, therefore it does not catch my attention. But I do know several people that are current smokers. My boss is currently a smoker, but he kind of does it by season. There are times that he does not smoke for several months, but he goes back to smoking any random day. Once he starts smoking again, he smokes about 6 cigarettes per day for about a month. Every time he smokes a cigarrete, he takes his coffee with him, which is a secondary reinforcer. Since his behavior only happens seasonal, I noticed that he only smokes when he is stressed those seasons that the business gets busy. For me,…
Shiffman, S., & Waters, A. J. (2004, April). Negative Affect and Smoking Lapses: A Prospective Analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 72(2), 192-201. Retrieved October 20, 2005, from http://journals.ohiolink.edu.proxy.libraries.uc.edu/cgi-bin/sciserv.pl?collection=journals&journal=0022006x&issue=v72i0002&article=192_naasl&search_term=%28%20%28smoking%20stress%20shiffman%29%20%29%20…
Causal Analysis Do you have a bad habit? If so, it could be endangering your health or just plain irritating to someone else. There are all sorts of bad habits: smoking, chewing tobacco dipping snuff, chewing fingernails, or making some sort of irritating noise. A bad habit is usually picked up by someone who watches or admires another person who has a particular bad habit. One will not notice much difference in the beginning, but in time certain behaviors become routine. There are certain stages one will go through in forming these habits.…
Everyone has some type of bad habit. Now granted, some people have less than others and some bad habits are more…
I was raised in a house hold where the use of profanity was more common than family dinners; I’ve adopted my family’s potty mouths and I would like to stop because it drives me crazy and my boyfriend says its un-lady like. When I’m in a professional setting, around my parents and other elders like a light switch I can turn the profanity off. When I’m interacting with my peers it’s almost like I don’t have a filter, unless I say the sentence in my head a few times before I actually verbalize it. My New Year’s resolution for the last three years has been to stop using profanity and I’ve failed miserably each year, this year I told myself that I’m a work in progress and I’ll try my best to work on it. During my baseline period I noticed the I used profanity once while in front of my mom and I quickly apologized; however, while with peers and my boyfriend in an course of an hour I used profanity more than forty times like twenty times per half hour. I’m going to give it my all to reduce the amount of profanity that I use each day, by reducing the amount of profanity that I use each day the less dependent that I will become on the bad behavior (bad language).…
Finally the fourth step reward yourself, it’s the most fundamental law in all psychology, and let your family and friends to reward your success too of kicking the bad habit and achieving 40-days of maintaining a…