Associate Level Material
Appendix D
Read each scenario and write a 25- to 50-word answer for each question following the scenarios. Use at least one reference per scenario and format your sources consistent with APA guidelines.
Scenario A
Acute renal failure: Ms. Jones, a 68-year-old female, underwent open-heart surgery to replace several blocked vessels in her heart. On her first day postoperatively, it was noted that she had very little urine output.
1. What is happening to Ms. Jones’s kidneys, and why is it causing the observed symptom? Ms. Jones may have gotten kidney stones while she was in the process of getting open-heart surgery. When a person has kidney stones they do not have a very high amount of urine output because they are unable to urinate without severe pain.
2. What other symptoms and signs might occur? She may have an intense pain that will eventually spread down into her groin and become even more painful until she is eventually able to pass the kidney stones.
3. What is causing Ms. Jones’s kidney disease? I believe that Ms. Jones contracted an infection when she was open for her open-heart surgery or there was some tool used that was not properly sterilized so bacteria was spread into her body.
4. What are possible treatment options, and what is the prognosis? I believe that Ms. Jones may have kidney stones. There really isn’t a way that you can treat kidney stones, you just have to be able to pass them(urinate them out).
Scenario B
Chronic renal failure: Mr. Hodges, a 73-year-old man, has had congestive heart failure for the past 5 years. His doctor has told him that his heart is not functioning well, needing more and more medicine to maintain circulatory function. He has noticed that he is not urinating more than once a day.
5. Why is the condition of Mr. Hodges’s kidneys affecting the rest of his body? Mr. Hodges is at risk for going