The framing of the U.S. Constitution also exposed further divisions in American society. Groups from across the spectrum, blacks, poor whites, recent immigrants, all began to petition the newly formed Constitutional Congress with grievances, large and small. Despite the promises of a newly found freedom for the Americas, the social order that existed before the Revolution continued uninterrupted.
Zinn describes the position of the white working class, as so:
“It seems that the rebellion against British rule allowed a certain group of the colonial elite to replace
those loyal to England, give some benefits to small landholders, and leave poor white working people and tenant farmers in very much their old situation” (Zinn, p.85, 1995).
The Framers shaped the Constitution accordingly; making allowances for the suppression of rebellion, permitting use of force to break up protests and furthering the legalization of slavery. The repercussions of protecting the landed elites had its first effects in the Shay’s Rebellion of 1786 where disaffected tenant farmers rose up to expel landlords and their law-enforcement proxies. The former revolutionaries acted quickly to suppress this new revolt, creating new punishments for those who incited “riots” and suspending habeas corpus (Zinn, p. 93, 1995). In the end, some twelve participants in Shay’s Rebellion were put to death and some