Synopsis:
[laser is a device that emits light (electromagnetic radiation) through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of photons . Many scientific, military, medical and commercial laser applications have been developed since the invention of the laser , one of these application is laser rangefinder , which is a device that uses a laser beam to determine the distance to an object. The most common form of laser rangefinder operates on the time of flight principle by sending a laser pulse in a narrow beam towards the object and measuring the time taken by the pulse to be reflected off the target and returned to the sender. Due to the high speed of light, this technique is not appropriate for high precision sub-millimeter measurements, where Multiple frequency phase-shift and Interferometry techniques are used for higher precision . laser rangefinder have several applications special in military which it have been invented for that propos , and it have applications in civil such as Construction Rangefinder , and several application that is used in our daily life .]
Introduction:
In 1916, Albert Einstein discussed the possibility of stimulating radiant energy based on Niels Bohr’s theory that atoms emitted energy in quanta when transitioning from excited states back to resting states . The first experimental proof of his theory was published by the German physicists Rudolf Ladenburg and Hans Kopfermann in 1928 . However, stimulated emission received little attention from experimentalists during the 1920s and 1930s when atomic and molecular spectroscopy were of central interest to many physicists
. In 1939, Valentin A. Fabrikant defended his doctoral thesis, ‘The emission mechanism of a gas discharge’, at the P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute in Moscow. It discussed experimental evidence for the existence of negative absorption (what was later called stimulated emission) and suggested
References: [1] Bogdan Allemann I, Goldberg DJ (eds): Basics in Dermatological Laser Applications. Curr Probl Dermatol. Basel, Karger, 2011, vol 42, pp 1–6 [2]Laser rang finder ,Yeu-Hwa Shyy,Hsinchu Hsien.Taiwan 5,262,837 June 27-June 29, 2012 [9] A Laser Rangefinder with the Ability to Identify Surface Roughness and