Many studies have evaluated the barriers and gaps in chronic pain management including chronic LBP. The identified gaps and barriers can be categorized into clinician and organizational barriers. The gaps and barriers that relate to clinicians include: 1) lack of chronic pain and LBP knowledge and management 64,131, 2) lack of chronic pain management training as medical and allied health schools dedicate little time to this topic 64, 3) lack of confidence in chronic pain treatment among clinicians 132-139, 4) lack of communication and coordination of care between clinicians within and across different levels of care 140,141. Lastly, 5) …show more content…
The average waiting time between primary and secondary care in Western countries varies from 4-48 weeks 64. This may delay the action of appropriate diagnosis and treatment, which may develop long-term disability 64; 3) there are not enough clinicians to treat chronic pain 140,149; 4) clinicians’ ignorance of the chronic pain condition in the medical setting; chronic pain is considered a symptom not a condition 150,151. Lastly, 5) few multidisciplinary intervention clinics are available worldwide