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Le Couple Chez Beckett

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Le Couple Chez Beckett
Le couple dans En attendant Godot et Oh les Beaux Jours

Introduction
Du latin copula, lien, le mot couple désigne autant l’union de deux personnes unies par amour que, par extension, la réunion de deux êtres.
En rupture ou se constituant, fatal ou complice, le couple, étendu à sa seconde acception, est une figure propice à représenter la nature fondamentale des relations humaines et la condition humaine. C’est ainsi que ce thème occupe, depuis ses plus anciennes apparitions, la littérature, se déclinant dans les motifs divers des maîtres et valets, frères ennemis, maris et femmes, frères et sœurs et amants.
L’œuvre de Beckett n’y échappe pas ; davantage même, la figure du couple y semble essentielle, depuis les romans : Molloy et Moran dans Molloy, Worm et Manhood dans L’Innommable, Camier et Mercier, à la forme ultime de couple incarnée par Krapp et son magnétophone dans La Dernière bande ou la bouche et son auditeur dans Pas moi. Dans En attendant Godot et Oh les beaux jours, trois couples apparaissent, constitués de Vladimir et Estragon, Lucky et Pozzo, Winnie et Willie. Il convient donc de se demander, à travers l’étude de En attendant Godot et Oh les beaux jours, ce qu’exprime ce thème et en quoi il s’impose comme une nécessité. Nous verrons dans un premier temps que le couple est une nécessité dialogique puis qu’il est une nécessité existentielle et, enfin, métaphysique.

I. Une nécessité dialogique

Genre mimétique depuis Platon, le théâtre est parole en action, texte essentiellement dialogique qui a pour fonction d’être joué. D’un point de vue linguistique, la figure du couple, qui implique deux êtres, est elle aussi l’expression d’une situation élémentaire de communication qui comprend un émetteur et un récepteur, un destinataire et un destinateur.
En action, la parole théâtrale est un acte de langage incarné : le langage s’y déploie dans sa triple dimension locutoire, illocutoire et perlocutoire. Le discours théâtral est ainsi essentiellement

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