Ⅰ. Hersey and blanchard’s situational leadership theory and the managerial grid
Leader is someone who can influence others and who has managerial authority. Leadership is what leader do. More specifically, it’s the process of influencing a group to achieve goal. Hersey and Blanchard argue that successful leadership is achieved by selecting the right leadership style, which is contingent on the level of the follower’s readiness. Readiness, as defined by Hersey and Blanchard, refers to the extend to which people have the ability and willingness to accomplish a specific task. Four specific leadership styles described as followed:
·Telling: the leader defines roles and tells people what, how, when, and where to do various tasks.
·Selling: the leader provides both directive and supportive behavior.
·Participating: the leader and follower share in decision making; the main role of the leader is facilitating and communicating.
·Delegating: the leader provides little direction or support.
The final component in the model is the four stages of followers readiness:
·R1: people are both unable and unwilling to take responsibility for doing something. They’re neither competent nor confident.
·R2: people are unable but willing to do the necessary job tasks. They’re motivated but currently lack the appropriate skills.
·R3: people are able but unwilling to do what the leader wants.
·R4: people are both able and willing to do what is asked of them.
Apart from Hersey and blanchard’s situational leadership theory, the managerial grid draw a great attention. The managerial grid used the behavioral dimensions “concern for people” and “concern for production” and evaluated a leader’s use of these behaviors, ranking them on a scale from 1(low) to 9(high). The grid emphasis on five styles: impoverished management(1,1), task management(9.1),middle-of-the-road management(5.5), country club