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SKELETAL SYSTEM
- the bones of your skeleton. OSSEUS TISSUE.
- Bone tissue is a type of connective tissue. Your skeleton performs several important functions.
- support and protection
- body movement - muscles "pull" on bones
- blood cell formation- hemopoiesis ' occurs in red bone marrow
- storage of inorganic salts - especially calcium phosphate, but also magnesium, sodium, potassium, carbonates and others
Organization
- normally 206 bones with 2 Main Divisions: AXIAL & APPENDICULAR
skull
1. AXIAL: head, neck, trunk
skull, hyoid bone (upper neck, under jaw, mandible) vertebral column (spine/backbone) thoracic cage (rib cage-12 pairs) sternum 2. APPENDICULAR: limbs and bones connecting the limbs to the:
pectoral girdle (scapula & clavicle), UPPER LIMBS (arms) pelvic girdle (coxal bones), LOWER LIMBS (legs)
boneBONE STRUCTURE:
"LONG BONE" = typical bone
Major parts:
1. EPIPHYSIS - expanded ends of bone. ARTICULATES (forms a joint) with another bone.
2. DIAPHYSIS - shaft of the bone
3. ARTICULAR CARTILAGE - hyaline cartilage covering the ends of bones
4. PERIOSTEUM - tough membrane-like covering over entire bone, except for articular cartilage. Connects with tendons and ligaments. Forms bone tissue.
MEDULLARY CAVITY - hollow chamber within the diaphysis connects to spaces in spongy bone. Filled with soft specialized tissue called bone marrow.
" Red Marrow - mainly in spongy bone in adults. Produces blood cells
" Yellow Marrow - fat storage. Replaces much of the red marrow in diaphysis through childhood
ENDOSTEUM - lining of the medullary cavity
Two Types of Bone Tissue
1. COMPACT (cortical) BONE - wall of the diaphysis, solid, strong
2. SPONGY (cancellous) BONE - epiphysis. Covered with a thin layer of compact bone. Many branching, bony "plates"
Microscopic Structure
- MATRIX composed of collagen and inorganic salts
- OSTEOCYTES (mature bone cells) are enclosed in tiny chambers
- the bones of your skeleton. OSSEUS TISSUE.
- Bone tissue is a type of connective tissue. Your skeleton performs several important functions.
- support and protection
- body movement - muscles "pull" on bones
- blood cell formation- hemopoiesis ' occurs in red bone marrow
- storage of inorganic salts - especially calcium phosphate, but also magnesium, sodium, potassium, carbonates and others
Organization
- normally 206 bones with 2 Main Divisions: AXIAL & APPENDICULAR
skull
1. AXIAL: head, neck, trunk
skull, hyoid bone (upper neck, under jaw, mandible) vertebral column (spine/backbone) thoracic cage (rib cage-12 pairs) sternum 2. APPENDICULAR: limbs and bones connecting the limbs to the:
pectoral girdle (scapula & clavicle), UPPER LIMBS (arms) pelvic girdle (coxal bones), LOWER LIMBS (legs)
boneBONE STRUCTURE:
"LONG BONE" = typical bone
Major parts:
1. EPIPHYSIS - expanded ends of bone. ARTICULATES (forms a joint) with another bone.
2. DIAPHYSIS - shaft of the bone
3. ARTICULAR CARTILAGE - hyaline cartilage covering the ends of bones
4. PERIOSTEUM - tough membrane-like covering over entire bone, except for articular cartilage. Connects with tendons and ligaments. Forms bone tissue.
MEDULLARY CAVITY - hollow chamber within the diaphysis connects to spaces in spongy bone. Filled with soft specialized tissue called bone marrow.
" Red Marrow - mainly in spongy bone in adults. Produces blood cells
" Yellow Marrow - fat storage. Replaces much of the red marrow in diaphysis through childhood
ENDOSTEUM - lining of the medullary cavity
Two Types of Bone Tissue
1. COMPACT (cortical) BONE - wall of the diaphysis, solid, strong
2. SPONGY (cancellous) BONE - epiphysis. Covered with a thin layer of compact bone. Many branching, bony "plates"
Microscopic Structure
- MATRIX composed of collagen and inorganic salts
- OSTEOCYTES (mature bone cells) are enclosed in tiny chambers