The influences of human development are physical, cognitive, social, moral, and personality. Each one begins developing before birth and will affect the individual throughout his or her entire life. Some of these factors have environmental causes, and some caused by heredity. In many cases, the areas of distinction will be obvious, and in others, it will not be apparent. From birth to one year, almost everything is intertwined, and it is difficult to know exactly, which problem has been caused by something that happened during infancy because the infant cannot voice the specific problem as it is happening. Some conditions discovered during infancy are discussed. There is not much moral growth during infancy, but there are many theoretical perspectives about that. A brief description of Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson’s theories are discussed as well. Some of the environmental factors that can affect physical development also affect cognitive development. Possessing a physical or cognitive disability will also affect social, moral, and personality development. Shaken baby syndrome and several forms of physical abuse can affect every one of these. According to the Child Welfare Competency-Based Training and Certification Program, “Head injury can result in severe brain damage, including brain stem compression and herniation, blindness, deafness, mental retardation, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, skull fracture, paralysis, coma, or death.” The developmental problems associated with this kind of abuse are obvious. If the infant survives a severe head injury, he or she might require total care for life. If the physical abuse is not visible or obvious, it could go on for some time before it is noticed. A child who survives abuse probably will have social, moral, and personality problems because of the psychological damage it causes. If physical or cognitive development is affected, all developmental influences
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