Literature Review
LITERATURE REVIEW BY: Lynelle F. “The earth, that’s nature’s mother, is her tomb. What is her burying grave is her womb.”
Shakespeare, W., 1597 According to the World Food Summit in 1996, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations states that food security exists when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life. (FAO, 2006) Ensuring food security within a country is vital as it ensures each individual especially the less fortunate are provided with nutritious food staples preventing hunger, starvation and malnutrition. Some Governments create a food security policy to prevent starvation especially when the country possess sufficient land to grow own food and decrease importation to increase economic growth, incomes and ensuring the food grown or produced is of a safe and reliable standard for consuming (Solomon Star News, 2010). Organisations such as the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) funded by corporations for example the Australian Agency are currently in the process of guiding West Africa in developing a set of national policies to improve food security in the future (CSIRO, 2013). Farmers consider pests to be any foreign specie or organism in or around agriculture produce damaging, killing and jeopardizing the outcome of the expected fully grown produce resulting in wasted crop yields hindering the quality and quantity for example mites, insects and snails. Wax scales are a group of different insects or pests with wax coatings with thick layers which are grey, white or beige in colour. Wax scales are common for infesting the citrus industry or sector for example, Florida’s citrus orchard feeding on the plant sap and excreting a substance called honeydew which is like a sooty mold or fungus turning leaves black (Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, n.d.). The wax scales’ secretion or fungus reduces photosynthesis
Shakespeare, W., 1597 According to the World Food Summit in 1996, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations states that food security exists when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life. (FAO, 2006) Ensuring food security within a country is vital as it ensures each individual especially the less fortunate are provided with nutritious food staples preventing hunger, starvation and malnutrition. Some Governments create a food security policy to prevent starvation especially when the country possess sufficient land to grow own food and decrease importation to increase economic growth, incomes and ensuring the food grown or produced is of a safe and reliable standard for consuming (Solomon Star News, 2010). Organisations such as the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) funded by corporations for example the Australian Agency are currently in the process of guiding West Africa in developing a set of national policies to improve food security in the future (CSIRO, 2013). Farmers consider pests to be any foreign specie or organism in or around agriculture produce damaging, killing and jeopardizing the outcome of the expected fully grown produce resulting in wasted crop yields hindering the quality and quantity for example mites, insects and snails. Wax scales are a group of different insects or pests with wax coatings with thick layers which are grey, white or beige in colour. Wax scales are common for infesting the citrus industry or sector for example, Florida’s citrus orchard feeding on the plant sap and excreting a substance called honeydew which is like a sooty mold or fungus turning leaves black (Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, n.d.). The wax scales’ secretion or fungus reduces photosynthesis
References: 1. Agne, S., Fleischer, G., Jungbuth, F., Waibel, H., 1995. Guidelines for Pesticide Policy Studies. Hannover, Germany. 4. CSIRO, 2013. Developing new country level policy options to enable West Africa’s food security. [Online] Available at: http://www.csiro.au/Organisation-Structure/Flagships/Sustainable-Agriculture-Flagship/PPFS.aspx [Accessed: October 2013]. 5 6. Dent, D., 2005. Insect Pest Management. 2nd ed. United Kingdom. 7 8. IndexMundi, 2013. Trinidad and Tobago Wheat Imports by Year. [Online] Available at: http://www.indexmundi.com/agriculture/?country=tt&commodity=wheat&graph=imports [Acessed October 2013]. 9 12. Ministry of Legal Affairs, 2011. Laws of Trinidad and Tobago: Pesticide and Toxic Chemicals Act [Online] Available at: http://rgd.legalaffairs.gov.tt/Laws2/Alphabetical_List/lawspdfs/30.03.pdf [Accessed August 2013] 13 18. Queensland Government, 2002. Carbamate Insecticides. [Online] Available at: http://www.health.qld.gov.au/ph/documents/ehu/4174.pdf [Accessed August 2013]. 19 20. Solomon Star News, 2010. Why food security is important. [Online] Available at: http://www.solomonstarnews.com/viewpoint/editorial/7311-why-food-security-is-important [Accessed: October 2013]. 21 24. University of California, 2013. Citrus: Selectivity of Insecticides and Miticides. [Online] Available at: http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r107300811.html [Accessed October 2013]. 25