Lung Cancer Research Paper Outline

Lung disease Approximately 402,326 Americans living today have been diagnosed with lung cancer. Lung cancer is a disease in which cancer cells grow in the lungs. There are two types of lung cancer, which includes, non-small cell lung cancer generally grows and spreads more slowly (more common form), small cell lung cancer generally grows more quickly and is more likely to spread to other parts of the body. Lung cancer can happen to anyone and you have many ways of getting lung cancer and i am about to tell you how. First-hand or second-hand smoke from cigarettes, cigars, or pipes and exposure to asbestos (a type of mineral) or radon (radioactive gas) these things can cause damage to the cells in the lungs leading to lung cancer. Smoking, chewing tobacco, and HIV infection are risk factors that may increase your chance of lung cancer. Some symptoms of knowing you have lung cancer is a cough that
doesn’t go away and worsens over time, constant chest pain, coughing up blood, shortness of breath, wheezing, or hoarseness, loss of appetite or weight loss. The surgery of lung cancer involves removing the tumor and nearby tissue. Lymph nodes may also need to be removed. The type of surgery depends on the location of the tumor, such as, segmental or wedge resection which involves of removal of only a small part of the lung. Lobectomy which involves removal of an entire lobe of the lung and Pneumonectomy which involves removal of an entire lung. Do not start smoking, if you smoke, talk to your doctor about how to successfully quit, avoid places where people are smoking, try to avoid or limit occupational exposures such as working with asbestos, these things are ways to prevent from getting lung cancer. The physical exam combined with all of your test results, will help you to determine the stage of cancer you have. Staging is used to guide your treatment plan. Like other cancers, lung cancer is staged from 1-4. Stage 1 is a very localized cancer, while stage 4 indicates a spread to other parts of the body. Some diagnosis test include, sputum cytology a test that examines of a sample of mucus from the lungs, and Biopsy which involves removal of a sample of lung tissue to be examined under a microscope. Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. This may be given in many forms, including pill, injection, and via a catheter. Chemotherapy is often used to kill lung cancer cells that have spread to other parts of the body. The goal of a treatment is to eliminate the cancer and/or control the symptoms. Another way to prevent not having lung disease is to have a lung transplant.
This is a surgery to remove severely damage lungs. The are replaced with healthy lungs from a deceased donor. One or both lungs may be transplanted. In some cases, a heart transplant is done at the same time. In that case, the procedure is called a heart-lung transplant. A lung transplant is done to treat irreversible, life-threatening lung disease, such as, Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency (a genetic disorder), or severe scarring or inflammation of the bronchioles (smallest airways). Problems from the procedure are rare, but all procedures have risk, like, infection, bleeding, rejection of the lung (your body’s immune system attacks the new lungs), anesthesia related problems and even death. Before you have a lung transplant, you will go through an intensive evaluation. You will have some or all of the following test, physical exam, blood test, tissue typing, chest CT scan which is to look at the lung structure, and echocardiogram which is to examine the size, shape, and motion of the
heart. During the surgery the doctors will use anesthesia, general anesthesia will be used. It will keep you asleep during the surgery. For a single lung transplant it will take 4-8 hours and for a double lung transplant it will take 6-12 hours. Anesthesia will prevent pain during the surgery. Pain and discomfort after the procedure can be managed with medications. The average hospital stay, this surgery is done in a hospital setting. The usual length of stay is 7-10 days, your doctor may choose to keep you longer if you show signs of rejecting the new lungs or have other problems.