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What was the primary difference between Luther's and Calvin's Christianity?
In: Comparative Religions and Denominations [Edit categories]
Answer:
Martin Luther's and Calvin's ideas are alike because they both agreed that religious authority rested on the Bible not the Pope and believed in a priesthood of all believers. Martin Luther and Calvin's ideas differed because Luther rejected St. Augustine's idea of predestination, and Calvin did not believe that the Church should be ruled by the state, while Luther believed that it should.
Martin Luther and Calvin both believed in the importance of the Bible and the rejection of the authority of the Pope. Martin Luther and Calvin believed that everyone should serve God in his or her individual calling. Luther came up with this idea by reading and pondering over St Paul's letter to the Romans (1:17) found in the New Testament. Luther's major doctrine is justification by faith alone. Both Martin Luther and Calvin rejected the doctrine that good deeds ("Good Works) were necessary for salvation.
Differences between Martin Luther's and Calvin's ideas are that Luther rejected St. Augustine's idea of predestination, and Calvin did not believe that the Church should be ruled by the state. Calvin had his own ideas about the power of God, the nature of human beings, and the power of the state. Calvin in The Institutes of the Christian religion made predestination the cornerstone of his religious beliefs. Calvin believed that human beings did not have free will because that would take away from the power of God. Man could not actively work to achieve salvation. God predetermines at the beginning of time who would be saved and who would be damned. Those predestined for salvation were defined by