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What is the Impact of Corruption on Economic Development in the Newly Industrialised Countries of South East Asia?

Political Corruption | L2046

Abstract
Corruption, a previously neglected issue, became one of the greatest preoccupations of Western powers trying to bring stability and prosperity to global markets. This essay seeks to establish the relationship between corruption and development. The focus of this paper will be the South East Asian Newly Industrialised Countries (NICs). I suggest that whilst it is difficult to ascertain the exact impact of corruption on development, in the absence of corruption, even greater and more sustained levels of development can flourish. I argue that despite arguments to the contrary, all corruption is inimical to the process of sustainable development. I suggest that the impact of corruption on development is clearly discernable though examination of the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997. This event demonstrated that whilst development and corruption can coexist, corruption creates unsustainable inefficiencies and inherent weakness in the economy for the long term.

Table of Contents

Abstract 2
Introduction 4
Perspectives on Corruption 6
Corruption and Development 7
Influencing Government 7
Predictability 8
Innovation 9
Competition & Efficiency 11
Government Policy 12
Methodology 15
The Asian Miracle and Corruption 16
The Paradox of Corruption and Growth 16
Tangible Costs of Corruption 18
Intangible Costs of Corruption 20
Uneven Impact of Corruption and Development 21
The Asian Financial Crisis 23
Crony Capitalism 23
Unveiling the Impact of Corruption 25
Conclusions 27
Bibliography 29
Books 29
Journals 29
Online Sources 30
Other 31
Appendices 32
Introduction
The post Cold War, globalized era of the 1990’s saw a renewed interest in corruption and its impact. Corruption, a previously neglected issue, became one of the greatest preoccupations of Western powers trying to bring



Bibliography: Gardiner, J. “Defining Corruption”, in Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts, Eds. Heidenheimer A. & Johnson, M. (Transaction Publishers, 2002) Huntington, S Klitgaard, R. Controlling Corruption, (University of California Press, 1998) Lambsdorff, G Leff, N. “Economic Development Through Bureaucratic Corruption”, in Political Corruption: Concepts and Contexts, Eds. Heidenheimer A. & Johnson, M. (Transaction Publishers, 2002) Mauro, P Tzong-Shiang Y & Xu, D. Eds. From Crisis to Recovery: East Asia Rising Again?  (World Scientific Publishing, 2001) Gray, C. “Civil Service Compensation in Indonesia”, Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 15, 1979 Kang, D. “Bad Loans to Good Friends: Money Politics and the Developmental State in South Korea”, International Organization, 56:1, 2002 Keefer P Mauro, P. “Corruption and Growth” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110:3, 1999 Moran, J Crime Law and Social Change, 29, 1998, p.163 Murphy, K The American Economic Review, 83:2, 1993 Nakata, T Nye, J. “Corruption and Political Development: A Cost Benefit Analysis”, The American Political Science Review, 61:2, 1967 Segal, P. “Corruption”, Impact, 1999, 3:2 Shang, J http://www.bpr.gov.my/English/mainact.htm 02.05.05 OECD Anti-Corruption Division, 2004, Korea http://www1.oecd.org/daf/asiacom/countries/korea.htm 10.05.05 OECD Anti-Corruption Division, 2004, Thailand http://www1.oecd.org/daf/asiacom/countries/thailand.htm 10.05.05 OECD Anti-Corruption Division, 2004, Philippines

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