Preview

Man The Tool-Maker By Sally Slocum: Article Analysis

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1657 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Man The Tool-Maker By Sally Slocum: Article Analysis
¬ In the 19th centaury Darwin claimed that women have been subordinate since the beginning of time. With this in mind, Darwin’s theory on evolution was very influential on many individuals not only because it changed the way individuals thought about species, but also changed their own perspectives on gender and its limitations. As a matter of fact, Darwin’s perspective over evolution has had an enormous impact on Kenneth P. Oakley. Consequently, Oakley takes Darwin theory of evolution and adds certain differences in which Darwin failed to address in an article he wrote entitle “ Man The Tool-Maker, in 1952” how humans create tools for future use. Meaning that compared to apes, humans tend to think ahead to prepare for the future. The reason …show more content…
In addition, she also addresses the issue of how there is too much emphasis on hunting rather than the gathering. In Fact, according to Slocum the problem lies in the male-centered ideology that was used in historical language development. Moreover, females have been ignored and seen as inferior, and a man’s world held more weight than a woman’s. In addition, women, in past anthropological perspectives were always associated with men, and often tied to the relation to men and never seen as independent individuals. According to Slocum, the concept that was developed by Sherwood Washburn and C. Lancer “Man the Hunter,” in (1968), thought the Western society that only males hunted, and that females were almost not human because they considered hunting to be an economic activity by which separated the entire human race from apes. (Pg. 38) For instance, we are forced to conclude that only men are capable to develop in any way since they had certain physical characteristics that allowed them to proceed in what we know now in days as human development. …show more content…
Haraway entitled “Modest _Witness@second _Millennium,” (a scholarly focus on the 1600s). In her article Haraway emphasizes over the amount of effort that was constructed by sixteenth-and seventeenth –century men to rewrite the views of masculinity in order to protect science from feminization. In fact, she locates Robert Boyle’s air pump experiment to associate certain status positioning in society in order to determine the birth of gender separations. Meaning that according to the modest scientist certain accesses in science can only be obtain depending on the rank you are in society. Moreover, modest scientists were typically considered to be white rich gentlemen and where allowed more access to the viewing and contributions of science as a whole. Whereas working men and women were excluded from the viewing of science because they held little to no value in society. In other words, their input is invalid when it came to the modest science society. Since Robert Boyle, wanted to appear to his feminist audience as not a gender bias scientist, he allowed women and workingmen to attend what was known as the laboratorial public theater. Although, Robert Boyle tried very hard to deceive his feminist viewers into thinking that his science consisted of unbiased notions, all of that changed the day a women that was in the audience tried

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    In this article Summers portrays simply portrays women as genetic under dogs, being that he basis his claim off of genetic variances betrwwen men and women, and the “biological differences”. He claims that women shy away from more critical math and science fields because they “naturally” want to nurture a family, leaving them with the lack of desire to want to pursue a high stressed job. He also uses, genetic differences causes more males to have high aptitude for critical thinking. By mentioning scientific reasoning, Summers try to make his claim stronger, thus inarguable, but in this case, he failed. He failed to realize that sometime nurture, and social up-bringing,…

    • 373 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    DBQ Apeh Women In Sci Rev

    • 939 Words
    • 3 Pages

    During the scientific revolution the views of women in science varied, these opinions were based on personal experiences or sometimes just pure ignorance. Some believed that women were fully capable and should be able to practice the sciences, others agreed that they were capable, but that they shouldn’t be able to do science. Whereas, some people believed that women weren’t capable and shouldn’t practice sciences.…

    • 939 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    It will argue that, between 1890 and 1917, as white middle- class men actively worked to reinforce male power, their race became a factor which was crucial to their gender.” Her book makes a concerted effort to reveal various cultural, political, biological and anthropological concepts that played a part in the discourse of civilization. This paper will review and analyze the Bederman’s book to explore the explanations given and the methods employed to construct the explanations.…

    • 1409 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Kayapo: Out Of The Forest

    • 1441 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Men and women have similar roles in our society as well as in the Waorani tribe. Men usually hunt more than women do, but in our society women hunt as well. In our society, when it comes to hunting, it is mostly for fun. Not many people kill for food because we can go to the grocery store for meat. Hunting is done for fun and for a sport.…

    • 1441 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    DBQ: Simplified For Women

    • 852 Words
    • 4 Pages

    It's 1643 in England, and you’re a woman who longs for the opportunity to become a scientist. Not only is your husband so blessed to have a well-paying job, as you are located in the upper-middle class, but you are eager and joyful to begin learning about chemistry. There is a simple problem though, and that is that you want to be able to learn as much as you possibly can, but the only books you were allowed to buy were “Simplified for Women”. Why is that? Why don't you have the ability to be able to learn what men learn? It is quite simple, and that is because you live in the Renaissance, where men were heavily praised for their works and deemed strong and intelligent, while most of the time women were criticized and supposedly, “made to serve and obey man, not rule and command them”, (Doc 7). That is, though,…

    • 852 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Gender refers to culturally constructed distinctions between femininity and masculinity. Individuals are born female or male but they become feminine or masculine through complex developmental processes that take many years to unfold. For example, women usually look after babies while men are the providers. The evolutionary approach argues that gender role division appears as an adaptation to the challenges faced by the ancestral humans in the EEA. Therefore, the role differences we observe are more a product of our biological inheritance than acquired through socialisation…

    • 973 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    This is evident by Francis Bacon when he asserts that science has not yet made a great impact because it does not have any certain goal to achieve. This is evident in ‘The Great Instauration’ in 1620, where Bacon plans to reorganize science in order for it to have a bigger impact on the state, “that human life be endowed with new discoveries and powers” this is the real goal of the sciences. The purpose is for the people ruling can give them more resources and a goal to accomplish instead of just experimenting without a purpose other than to explore or from curiosity. Margaret Cavendish also wanted to improve the well being of the country, but during these centuries women did not have rights and were seen as housewives, and were to bear children (D9). In ‘Observations on Experimental Philosophy’ Cavendish makes it clear that if women had rights and were allowed, they would also improve the well being of the state, but men are born praised and women are born disregarded. The intended audience are women of all classes because Cavendish says that “Muses, Graces, and Sciences, which are all represented as female goddesses, are all of the female genders but yet they were more esteemed then than they are now” this means that women have fewer rights now than they did then, and if the men had a choice they would turn the female goddesses into males. Cavendish is telling them to step up to men and try to gain their…

    • 873 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Janet Kourany Analysis

    • 1624 Words
    • 7 Pages

    In her essay “A Feminist Primer for Philosophers of Science,” philosopher Janet Kourany describes science’s ugly history with women. From perpetuating androcentric societal biases to neglecting women’s health needs, science, Kourany argues, has been instrumental in decelerating feminist social progress. Now, in a social rebirth of feminism, does science have an obligation to undo its harms by joining the feminist movement? To answer this question, I first explain how science has slowed the progress of women in the United States. Then, I define the terms I use to evaluate Kourany’s two arguments in favor of science joining the feminist fight. As does Kourany in her essay, I then contemplate broader conceptions of science’s interplay with feminism…

    • 1624 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    Miller and Swift create big part of their article by using logical appeals. They provide a mixture of data, evidence and facts, which help them support their claims. Starting with an introduction to the human history from ancient times, the authors get us into the beginnings of a male-centered world. “English is an androcentric because for centuries it has been evolving in a society where men have been dominant.” By appeal to the anthropology, they help us understand how…

    • 1141 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Kathleen Okruhlik Bias

    • 1202 Words
    • 5 Pages

    In summation, the topics this essay will be tackling are the skewed case studies that were used throughout Okruhlik’s essay, various facts that even Okruhlik cannot say are biased, and the argument that science cannot escape from all bias. The particular case study in Okruhlik’s essay that will be used is, gender and evolution show through a quote from Charles Darwin. She interprets this singular quote from his research as wholly biased, making all of his work in relation to this topic androcentric, in this section she brings in an alternative perspective to Darwin’s findings from Helen Longino and Ruth Doell who offered a more feminist approach to how Darwin’s findings could be interpreted…

    • 1202 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Scientific Revolution DBQ

    • 812 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Bacon, the founder of scientific experimentation, believed that the goal of science should be let “human life endowed with new discoveries and powers,” which is therefore socially beneficial since it improved people’s lives (Doc 4). He probably put that as his own goal and tried to influence others when he studied sciences since he is a well-known scientist himself. Oldenbury argued that friendship should spread between those who devoted themselves to truths, which would raise philosophy to its height (Doc 6). Oldenbury, a member of the English Royal Society, was persuading a scientist to unite and coordinate with others, which represents as a social force of calling scientists to innovate and be productive. Unfortunately, women were excluded from this movement; only few could make noticeable achievements. Cavendish argued that it was unfair to only allow males to study sciences; females could also achieve it very well (Doc 9). Cavendish as a female scientist herself gives credit to her statement, since she knew the difficulty to study science and to take it as a career for a…

    • 812 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    There was only one woman that earned an advanced university degree before the 18th century and that was Elena Piscopia, who studied Philosophy. It has been said that the most infamous of all the 17th century scientist is Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle. Upon time she was denied the Royal Society entry and instead, spent her life demonstrating the injustice of the decision of why women were presumably "Outcast", in the partaking of scientific studies. She argued the rejections of Aristotelianism and especially the role of theology in science. She played a very crucial part in articulating the case for women involvement in the scientific movement as well as their involvement in science all together.…

    • 552 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Men and women are considered discrete and are expected to follow specific gender roles, otherwise they are viewed differently. These gender roles are “derived from classical thought, Christian ideology, and contemporary science and medicine.” Since women were paid less than men and had certain jobs, the expectations for them were “derived from these virtues and weaknesses.” men and women, who were poor, sometimes had to do both types of jobs “in order to survive.” There were few cases when stepping out of the gender roles were accepted. Sometimes, men would crossdress and woman would dress as men “in order to gain access to opportunities.” In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries” the “separate spheres” began to emerge and many women who didn’t live up to the “mother's” expectation “were censured as prostitutes with uncontrollable sexual desires.” Citizens finally realized “women were excluded from some occupations and activities” so “towards the end of the century new jobs outside the home became available.” Many men were treated harshly if they weren’t masculine, so the expectation for them increased drastically. Though the majority of both genders (male and female) act differently, their “separate spheres” became less and less “separate” at the end of the nineteenth…

    • 477 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    In the early stages of society, when people traveled around in nomadic family clans, honor was existent, pivotal to a man or woman’s existence, manifested in different ways. A man was expected to be a strong, skilled hunter and if need be, warrior. A woman was expected to be an efficient, knowledgeable gatherer and…

    • 946 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Human Primate Brains

    • 1694 Words
    • 7 Pages

    (2005) provide an overview of the “ecological dominance-social competition” (EDSC) model as an explanation to the unique evolution of human cognitive adaptations and specific traits that make us armed with different sets of skills compared to other species. The article then presents an analysis of some of the major human features and evaluates their compatibility with the EDSC model, relying on the hominin fossil record and human neurobiology and cognition as the main two empirical resources. Flinn et al. begin with presenting different hypotheses that have been explored to explain the evolution of human cognition. According to the authors, many of these hypotheses included ecological problem solving, hunting, a sudden genetic change, sexual selection (female choice hypothesis) and the consideration of the the brain as a “social tool”. All of them encountered limitations in explaining how our hominin ancestors diverged from other species in terms of their cognitive capabilities. For instance, the ecological problem solving and hunting models are not generally accepted since many other species also engage in activities like tool use and scavenging, in addition to the fact they do not account for other aspects that are far from functionality like art and religion. The female choice hypothesis states that females chose to mate only with increasingly intelligent males, which directly acts as a selective pressure within the population towards higher cognitive abilities. However, the lack of sex differences in the overall level of intelligence presents as an unnegligible challenge to this theory (Flinn et al., 2015,…

    • 1694 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays