Management is a concept that dates back to early civilizations. Those which paved the way for the concept we know today, entailing many figure heads boasting several principals and ideologies. The concept, that being the process of dealing with or controlling things and people has been and will continue to be a necessary component of organizations. Contemporary management in organizational context is constantly changing and can be looked at under a broad scope; by singling out some theories and foundations to these processes we can grasp ideas as to how these changes come about and how they can be changed in a beneficial way.
The divide between managerial ability and technical expertise is an extremely common management structure in organizations to create a top-down kind of management system. The grounds of this management principal backtracks to the mid-18th Century.
Henri Fayol (1841-1925) was a mining engineer who later in his life preached concepts of management that could stem from his experience. One of them that is extensively applied in contemporary business management is the idea that “technical expertise can be destroyed by defective administration”. This in turn is understood and perceived that many organizations require a form of hierarchy, and degrees of command and accountability to function efficiently and effectively.
Fayol is also famous for the classical ‘school of management’ in which command and control is emphasized and published in “General and Industrial management” which is still highly referred to a century later. Fayol taught that management was comprised of five major components: Planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling.
Another part of Fayol’ comprehensive statements of management theory that is a testament to the ages and still highly regarded in contemporary management practices is his proposition of 14 management principals.
1. Division of work. Work should be
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