The Manas National Park was declared a sanctuary on October 1, 1928 , Tiger reserve was in 1973 and a World Heritage site in December 1985 by UNESCO. In 1992, UNESCO declared it as a world heritage site in danger due to heavy poaching and terrorist activities. On 21st June 2011, it was removed from the List of World Heritage in Danger and was commended for its efforts in preservation.
The sanctuary has recorded 55 species of mammals, 380 species of birds, 50 of reptiles, and 3 species of amphibians. Out of these wildlife, 21 mammals are India’s Schedule I mammals and 31 of them are threatened. The fauna of the sanctuary include Asian Elephants, Indian Rhinoceros, Gaurs, Asian Water Buffaloes, Tigers, Asian golden cat, Capped Langurs, Golden Langurs, and Assamese Macaques among others. The park is well known for its rare and endangered wildlife which is not found anywhere else in the world like the Assam Roofed Turtle, Hispid Hare, Golden Langur and Pygmy Hog. Manas have the largest population of endangered Bengal Florican.
Manas has over 540 species of plants, which include some rare orchids. The Elaichi phool is a gorgeous flower that can be dazzling in full bloom in the months between January and March. It also houses