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OUTLINE FOR RESEARCH REPORTS AND PROPOSALS USING APASTYLE
A research report informs the reader completely and accurately about an investigation and its outcome without belaboring the issue. There are instances when a research report is the only source of information about a specific problem area.
In psychology, research reports are written in APA style. The following outline is consistent with the rules of writing established in the Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association: 6th edition, and is in keeping with various
Psychology Journals.
A complete research report includes the following:
• Title
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Method
• Results
• Discussion
• References
Title: The title appears on the title page with the student 's name, course number, course title, and date submitted. Do not use the caption, title. The title should convey to the reader the topic that is studied. In an experimental study, this might include the independent and dependent variables. In a correlational study, the title might include predictor and criterion variables.
Abstract: A brief summary of the study. It includes statements about the problem, method, results and conclusions. Usually, an abstract is between 100-175 words, and it is used for indexing. The abstract is placed on the second page of the report.
Introduction: This section begins the body of the research report. Center the title at the top of the page. Start the introduction with a statement of the research problem.
Then, cite the relevant research. The literature review provides a context and rationale for the hypothesis that is under investigation. Mainly cite primary sources.
Paraphrase rather than quoting directly from the past literature and document the source by listing the authors name and year of publication in parenthesis. When documenting, you can use the name of the author in the sentence followed by the date of publication in parentheses: e.g., Donald (1994) or
A research report informs the reader completely and accurately about an investigation and its outcome without belaboring the issue. There are instances when a research report is the only source of information about a specific problem area.
In psychology, research reports are written in APA style. The following outline is consistent with the rules of writing established in the Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association: 6th edition, and is in keeping with various
Psychology Journals.
A complete research report includes the following:
• Title
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Method
• Results
• Discussion
• References
Title: The title appears on the title page with the student 's name, course number, course title, and date submitted. Do not use the caption, title. The title should convey to the reader the topic that is studied. In an experimental study, this might include the independent and dependent variables. In a correlational study, the title might include predictor and criterion variables.
Abstract: A brief summary of the study. It includes statements about the problem, method, results and conclusions. Usually, an abstract is between 100-175 words, and it is used for indexing. The abstract is placed on the second page of the report.
Introduction: This section begins the body of the research report. Center the title at the top of the page. Start the introduction with a statement of the research problem.
Then, cite the relevant research. The literature review provides a context and rationale for the hypothesis that is under investigation. Mainly cite primary sources.
Paraphrase rather than quoting directly from the past literature and document the source by listing the authors name and year of publication in parenthesis. When documenting, you can use the name of the author in the sentence followed by the date of publication in parentheses: e.g., Donald (1994) or
References: (Must have at least 10 articles) Problems with writing a research proposal often stem from a failure of planning enough time for each of the four steps outlined above. It takes time to select a problem and to conduct a literature review. Sometimes journal articles are not available in the UNCC library and must be obtained through interlibrary loan. This procedure can take several weeks. Writing an independent research proposal is a semester long project.