Preview

Market Anomalies

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
6471 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Market Anomalies
Research Journal of Finance and Accounting
ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online)
Vol 2, No 9/10, 2011

www.iiste.org

Market Efficiency, Market Anomalies, Causes, Evidences, and Some Behavioral Aspects of Market Anomalies
Madiha Latif* Shanza Arshad,

Mariam Fatima,

Samia Farooq

Institute of Management Sciences Bahauddin Zakaria University, Multan, Pakistan
Email: madihalmalik@yahoo.com
Abstract
Market efficiency hypothesis suggests that markets are rational and their prices fully reflect all available information. Due to the timely actions of investors prices of stocks quickly adjust to the new information, and reflect all the available information. So no investor can beat the market by generating abnormal returns.
But it is found in many stock exchanges of the world that these markets are not following the rules of EMH.
The functioning of these stock markets deviate from the rules of EMH. These deviations are called anomalies. Anomalies could occur once and disappear, or could occur repeatedly. This literature survey is of its own type that discusses the occurrence of different type of calendar anomalies, technical anomalies and fundamental anomalies with their evidences in different stock markets around the world. The paper also discusses the opinion of different researchers about the possible causes of anomalies, how anomalies should be dealt, and what ere the behavioral aspects of anomalies. This issue is still a grey area for research.
Key Words: EMH, CAPM, Calender Anomalies, Technical Anomalies, Fundamental Anomalies.
1. Introduction:
According to efficient market hypothesis markets are rational and prices of stocks fully reflect all available information. The securities prices quickly adjust to new information as readily that information is available.
But according to behavioral finance this kind of efficient market cannot explain the observed anomalies in
Market anomalies are the unusual occurrence or abnormality



References: 1. Agrawal, A. And k. Tandon (1994). “Anomalies or illusions? Evidence from stock markets in eighteen countries." Journal of International Money and Finance, 13, pp.83-106. 2. Ariel, R. A. (1987). "A Monthly Effect in Stock Returns." Journal of Financial Economics, 18(1), pp.161-174. 3. Ariel, R. A. (May 1, 2002). "A Monthly Effect in Stock Returns." Journal of Financial Economics, 18(1), 10 Vol 2, No 9/10, 2011 www.iiste.org 5. Bodie,Z.A.Kane.A.J. Marcus. 2007. Essentials of investments, 6th edition, McGraw- Hill / Irwin 6 7. Boudreaux*, D. O. (1995). "The Monthly Effect In International Stock Markets: Evidence and implications." Journal of Financial and Strategic Decisions, volume 8 number 1. 8. Brock, W. Josef lakonishok, et al. (1992). "Simple Technical Trading Rules and the Stochastic Properties of Stock Return." Journal of Finance, 47. 9. Cadsby, C.B.and M.Ratner (1992)."Turn-Of-Month and Pre-Holiday Effects On Stock Returns:Some International Evidence." Journal Of Banking & Finance, 16(3),pp 12. F.fama, E. (1970). "Efficient Capital Markets: A Review of Theory and Empirical Work." Journal of Finance 2, 383-417. 13. Fama, E. F. (1991). "Efficient Capital Markets." The Journal of Finance, 46(5), pp.1575-1617. 14. Fama, E. F. And k. R. French (1988). "Dividend Yields and Expected Stock Returns." Financial Economics, 22(1), pp 16. George M. Frankfurtera, Elton G. Mcgoun (2001). "Anomalies in Finance What Are They and What are They Good For?" International Review of Financial Analysis, 10, p 17.Goodman, D. A. and J. W. Peavy,(1983). "Industry Relative Price-Earnings Ratios as Indicators of Investment Returns." Financial Analysts Journal, 39(4), pp 18. Graham, D. Cottle. (1962). “Security Analysis: Principles and Techniques”, New York, McGraw-Hill. 19. Gultekin, M. N.& Gultekin, N. B. (1983).”Stock market seasonality*1:International Evidence”. Journal of Financial Economics, 12(4), pp 20. Ziemba, W., & Hensel, C. (1994). “Worldwide security market anomalies”. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 21. Gibbons, M. R., & Hess, P. (1981). “Day of the week effects and asset returns”. Journal of Business, pp.579-596. 22. Hon, M. T., & Tonks, I. (2003). “Momentum in the UK stock market”. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 13(1), pp.43-70. 23. Jacob boudoukh, M. P. R., Robert F. Whitelaw (1994). "A tale of three scholls: insight on autocorrelation of white horizon stock returns." Review Of Financial Studies, 7(3),p 32. 24. Jensen, M. (1978).”Some anomalous evidence regarding market efficiency”. Journal of Financial Economics, Vol 25. Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1986). Rational choice and the framing of decisions. Journal of Business, pp.251-278. 26.Karz,G.“Historical Stock market anomalies”. [Online](2010) available at: 11 Vol 2, No 9/10, 2011 www.iiste.org 27. Kleidon, A. W. (1986). Anomalies in Financial Economics: Blueprint for Change? Journal of Business,pp 28. Kuhn, T. S. (1996). “The structure of scientific revolutions”: University of Chicago press. 29. Raj, M., & Kumari, D. (2006). “Day-of-the-week and other market anomalies in the Indian stock market” 30. Lakatos, I. (1970). “History of science and its rational reconstructions.” 31 Microeconomics, 1992, 339-391. 32. Lakonishok, J., Vishny, R. W., & Shleifer, A. (1993). “Contrarian investment, extrapolation, and risk”, National Bureau of Economic Research. 33. Lakonishok, l. K. C. C. A. J. (July 2002). "Value and Growth Investing". 34. Ligon, j. A. (1997). "A Simultaneous Test of Competing Theories Regarding the January Effect”, 2 (1), pp 35. Lim boon keong*, d. N. C. Y. A. C. H. L. (2010). "Month-of-the-year effects in Asian countries: a 20-year study." African Journal of Business Management, 4(7), pp 37. M. Dubois A, P. Louvet (1995). "The Day-Of-The-Week Effect: The International Evidence." Journal of Banking and Finance. 38. N.patel, p., s. Yao, et al. (2006). "High yield,low payout." 39 40. OfficeR, R. R. (1975). "Seasonality in Australian Capital Markets: Market Efficiency and Empirical Issues." Journal of Financial Economics 2(1), pp.29-51. 41. Rogalski, R. J. (1984). "New findings regarding day-of-the-week returns over trading and non-trading periods: a note." Journal of Finance, pp.1603-1614. 42. Rozeff, M. S. And W. R. Kinney (1976). "Capital Market Seasonality: The Case of Stock Returns."Journal of Financial Economics 3(4), pp.379-402. 43. Shiller, R. J. (1998). "Human Behavior and the Efficiency of the Financial System." national bureau of

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    o Characterized by a large number of profit-driven individuals who act independently. Because new information regarding securities arrives in the market in a random manner, investors adjust to new information immediately and buy and sell the security until they feel the market price correctly reflects the new information. Under the efficient market hypothesis, information is reflected in security prices with such speed that there are no opportunities for investors to profit from publicly available information. Investors competing for profits ensure that security prices appropriately reflect the expected earnings and risks involved and thus the true value of the firm.…

    • 659 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    the intrinsic value instead of monitoring the stock prices. This is because in the long term,…

    • 2606 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    (EMH) refers to share price movement with respect to available information and thus no trader will be presented with an opportunity of making supernormal profits (except by chance), therefore their profits on a share will reflect the riskiness associated with that shares (Pike and Neal 2009). However, “detailed investigations using advanced econometric techniques, larger data sets, increasingly powerful computing ability, and alternative theoretical models have in the last few years revealed a range of anomalies when the unpredictability-of returns hypothesis is tested. Financial markets are often predictable to some extent, but the crucial question is whether this predictability can be exploited to make excess profits from trading in the markets‖ (Mills 1992, as cited by Coutts, 2000, p.579).…

    • 3467 Words
    • 14 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    Case Study

    • 2285 Words
    • 10 Pages

    References: (Myer, R., Chapman, L.K., & Weaver, C. M.). Case Studies in abnormal behavior (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.…

    • 2285 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    The Efficient Markets Hypothesis (EMH) according to Brigham and Ehrhardt (2011) “asserts that (1) stocks are always in equilibrium and (2) it is impossible for an investor to “beat the market” and consistently earn a higher rate of return than is justified by the stock’s risk” (p.290). Based on company valuations in regard to its stock this is a market hypothesis; EMH asserts that markets are totally responsive to information and are driven by it. Its proponents argue that having -at the present- the right information may help one tell the actual value in the future of the firm’s stock, they hold that the existing price of a company’s stock, bond, or property price regarding that particular company is an indication of the comprehensive accessible information, any information change immediately changes the share value and it is at that point that it represents again as available the new information (Brown, 2011). Regarding this theory the other strong held believe is that it is almost impossible - if the information regarding certain stocks we hold at the moment is the same information available to the market - to exceed the market forces. Since is the recipient of all the information available the overall winner of the EMH is the market, therefore any individual trying to outdo the market at any given time may be wrong in doing so however the market as it has all information will never be wrong. In three forms EMH is founded which result to dissimilar outcomes: these are strong, semi and weak form efficiency (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2011, p.). Mostly EMH has been utilized to forecast for companies in the market stock prices, as most market players seem to only release that information which they find adequate this though has not…

    • 871 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Acco 400 Questions

    • 1000 Words
    • 5 Pages

    (1) Refer to the separation of market-wide and firm-specific security returns as shown in Figure 5.2. What factors could reduce the accuracy of the estimate of abnormal returns?…

    • 1000 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Ecg Recognition

    • 992 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Of course, this is not the pattern that will occur when an AV block is present. In a first degree…

    • 992 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Case Study of Jack Ruby

    • 1281 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Meyer, R. G., Chapman, L., Weaver, C. M., (2009). Case studies in abnormal behavior. (8th…

    • 1281 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    Girl Interrupted Analysis

    • 1846 Words
    • 8 Pages

    (4) Sue, D., Sue, D.W., Sue, S. Understand Abnormal Behavior. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2003. (pages…

    • 1846 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    QUESTION: Compare and contrast how the stock market and banks promote economic growth; and provide a critique of their functions in the development of the economy…

    • 4310 Words
    • 18 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Anomalies are things, or alleged things, that don't fit. They can be minor oddities, of no interest to anyone except a scientist in a highly specialized discipline. Or they can be something else, something hinting at dramatic possibilities and attracting widespread attention and controversy: a UFO sighting, a psychic experience, an encounter with a poltergeist, a report of an unusual animal not known to conventional zoology. Anomalies are nothing new. As long as there have been…

    • 718 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Accounting Theory

    • 1237 Words
    • 5 Pages

    As Chapter 10 questions, if further evidence continues to surface that capital markets do not always behave in accordance with the efficient market hypothesis, then should we reject the research that has embraced the EMH as a fundamental assumption? In this regard we can return to earlier chapters of this book in which we emphasised that theories are abstractions of reality. Capital markets are made of individuals and as such it would not (or perhaps, should not) be surprising to find that the market does not also act in the same predictable manner. Nevertheless, the EMH has helped provide some useful predictions and no doubt will continue to be relied upon by many researchers for a considerable period of time. As Lee (2001, p.238) states:…

    • 1237 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Market efficiency requires that security prices react immediately in an unbiased way to the receipt of new information (Robert Shiller S1998). In other words, an efficient capital market is one in which stock prices fully reflect available information. In addition, there are three conditions for market efficiency; information flows freely, market is composed of rational investors where all competing against each other with the objective of maximizing wealth and there is no market imperfections. In efficient market, investors actively compete in the market based upon perceived mispricing derived from an analysis of available information. In such a world, prices are soon driven to their fair value or to a level where investors are unable to identify stocks whose prices are at variance with fair value. Therefore, investors cannot consistently generate returns over and above the level necessary to compensate for the inherent risks of the investments. Given the statement that economic theory suggests markets are efficient and security prices are determined on the basis of fundamental value; all publicity information should reflect onto the stock prices. Nevertheless, the theory of market efficiency faces several arguments.…

    • 2734 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    There are a number of problems with defining psychological abnormality. They include problems with cultural relativity and social norms, what is normal within one culture or society may be considered abnormal within another. There are also problems with statistics as some abnormalities have too few or too many statistics to compare and the statistics may not always be reliable.…

    • 2093 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Better Essays