Toews employs literal repetitions to convey Nomi's frustration with her inability to escape her world.
She rides her bike up a hill again and again before giving up and walking ;she and her father drive in circles in silence, pretending neither notices that the scenery is no longer new. These scenes cut straight to the point and expand emotionally upon the literal truth of being stuck in a world of repetition with no prospect for escape. But these sorts of sustained, reoccurring passages are easily lost in what become longer and longer stretches of predictable and facile sequences that gain the reader no new insights and no new developments.
Throughout the book, Nomi's search for an ending becomes a kind of leitmotif. Teachers and parents tell her that endings often find themselves once a story has begun and at a certain point there is little control the author has over their story's outcome. Would that were true, but the book's climax comes too little too late and the repercussions of it aren't dealt with to
satisfaction.
Like many contemporary authors, Toews strives to imitate the styles of her pillard predeccessors. Salinger and Nabokov are referenced directly in the text and float around with a self-conscious awareness that is not quite stealing and not quite homage but rather something that wavers uncomfortably in the middle. Though A Complicated Kindness would benefit from it, it's impossible to judge books as though they were in a vacuum. One must acknowledge the influences and relationships to other very similar works and then ask if it is done well enough to be considered separately. To put it plainly, A Complicated Kindness is derivative, but it is derivation well-done.