During the Middle Ages, France experienced various changes after the fall of the Roman Empire. New “barbarian” settlers began to settle across the country, which allowed new aspects of French society to appear as cultures clashed and combined (Neal 41). One aspect of France that changed almost entirely was its religious beliefs; specifically, Christianity became widely accepted among the French. One piece of artwork that illustrates the new religious changes is illuminated manuscripts. Illuminated manuscripts are written pages with painted illustrations first created by monasteries (“Illuminated Manuscripts NGA”). Despite the fact that the artwork in an illuminated manuscript is small in size, illuminated manuscript artwork illustrates the religious beliefs of French society at the time it was created as well as demonstrates and…
The readings over Bonhoeffer and the Confessing Church challenged my understanding of grace and murder. I was shocked that as steadfast Christians and instructors of the word Bonhoeffer and his co-conspirators were fine with the consequences of killing Adolf Hitler, even if that meant spending an eternity in hell, to save the millions being killed in the Nazi concentration camps. In the church I’ve learned the ten commandments and here at Abilene Christian University I’ve studied over Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount. Because of my studies, I know God says, “You shall not murder” (Exodus 20:13, ESV) and Jesus says, “‘But I say to you that everyone who is angry with his brother will be liable to judgment; whoever insults his brother will be liable…
Dietrich Bonhoeffer was a german philosopher, theologian, anti-Nazi dissident, and key founding member of the Confessing Church. Without his efforts to help in World War 2 there wouldn't have been such a positive impact in this situation. He was also a musician and a poet, and was very well respected in the Christian community, being viewed as a Christian who led to people being more secure in their faith and how they utilized their faith in their everyday life. Dietrich ultimately lost his life in a Nazi concentration camp, because of his beliefs and convictions. He was considered was one of the most famous theologians and martyrs of the 20th century.…
Ignatius Loyola- Spanish soldier that led the new Catholic religious order called the Society of Jesus, or the Jesuits and represented one dimension of the Counter-Reformation. Willing to give up their lives for their beliefs, the dedicated missionaries and teachers helped reenergize the Catholic faith and spread it to distant parts of the world.…
Everything was going well until the Nazis came to Poland in 1939. Maximilian and many other friars were arrested. The Nazis shut down their printing press which Kolbe helped distribute pamphlets and other types of reading. After he was released from prison he returned to Niepokalanów which during that time became a safe place for families and Jews. For the second time Maximilian was arrested by the Gestapo for suspicion of hiding Jews. Once admitted to the Auschwitz concentration camp his goal was to show other prisoners that in hard times they should not give up…
It is hard to imagine the sheer amount of faith necessary for the willingness to sacrifice one’s own safety for the sake of someone else. Various Christian witnesses have demonstrated this faith all throughout the millennia, including – probably most obviously – St. Joan of Arc or Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. However, one man who perhaps best exemplifies absolute Christian faith and martyrdom in recent decades is Dietrich Bonhoeffer. His life is the story of a man who essentially sacrificed an opportunity for a peaceful and quiet life as a pastor for the sake of the oppressed, despite having no reason to do so, other than his own conscience. His life, as it will soon be explained, was an incredibly remarkable one, and one that closely demonstrated him to be among the noblest of Christian witnesses.…
Messiah : long prophesied Savior that God would send to save people from their sins…
Christian faith is based on love for God and love for neighbor. God loves God’s creation and extends the love for humankind through means of grace. The theology of sacraments is proportional to the means of grace. A United Methodist Understanding of Holy Communion claims that it is through sacraments that “God discloses things that are beyond human capacity to know through reason alone.” The discussion gives way to questions about grace, and the understanding about grace in the United Methodist Church, involving the Wesleyan understanding about Baptism and Eucharist. The paper will address questions like “What are sacraments in the United Methodism? How is the theology of sacraments related to the means of grace and how does a Christian become…
To prove this, I conducted several observations of customary rituals, celebrations, and genres in the Catholic community, interviewed a seminarian working towards becoming a priest in the Catholic Church, and analyzed the findings of a multitude of authors who have studied literacy within communities or have studied Catholic community itself.…
According to Morrill, in the Christian tradition, assembly is one of the most important ways that we can connect with Christ. In his Encountering Christ in the Eucharist, he argues that “ The community of faith can only exist through the sharing of that faith, which is focused in its ritual form of worship” (Morrill 21). As a young child I would grow impatient when my mother spent time after Church, with what I viewed as nonsense prattling. Now that I am older, I can see the importance that community is to the Church. Church communities are not only formed when the assembly is participating in the liturgy or service. Additionally, the ways that a Church community fellowships with each other outside of service also builds a sense of community…
This sentence is Jean Vanier’s definition of communion. In my opinion, this quote is very significant because it describes how an ideal relationship between two people should be. When it says “to-and-fro movement of love between two people where each one gives and each one receives.” I think it means that when one person loves another, that person gives their love back so that both of them can be loved and have a mutual belonging with one…
The author shows us that a woman's voice isn't heard and the woman couldn’t do anything but try to please the man. The author shows this with the mood and dialogue between the man and Jig.…
Eucharist is the central rite of the Christian religion, in which bread and wine are consecrated by an ordained minister and consumed by the minister and members of the congregation in obedience to Jesus ' command at the Last Supper, "Do this in remembrance of me." In the Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, and in the Anglican, Lutheran, and many other Protestant churches, it is regarded as a sacrament, which both symbolizes and effects the union of Christ with the faithful. Baptists and others refer to Holy Communion as an "institution," rather than a sacrament, emphasizing obedience to a commandment.…
The Sacraments of Initiation can be described as climbing a mountain. To climb, a person needs to be properly prepared, starting by being hydrated. Then, the person must climb, step by step, until he or she reaches the summit to enjoy the view. The hydration of the Sacraments of Initiation is Baptism; it’s the entrance into the Christian path. The gift of the Holy Spirit received during the Sacrament of Confirmation gives the strength needed to slowly, but surely make the journey. The summit that is then reached after the climb is the Sacrament of the Eucharist. As it is said in the Catechism of the Catholic Church, “The Holy Eucharist completes Christian Initiation.” However, throughout the history of the Church, one issue that has pervaded and concerned the Church for many years is the issue of how to order of the Sacraments of Initiation.…
The topic that was chosen for the ceremony or ritual was the faith of Christians to be baptised. In this review six different author’s opinions will be compared, as a result to find out and to explain what it means for Christians to be baptised in water. This review will also indicate where the ceremonies take place and also who would attend this ceremony for example the leaders in the churches and also the congregation people that is part of the Christian faith.…