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Q1. Discuss the various stages involved in the methodology of Operations Research. Briefly explain the techniques and tools of Operations Research.
(Operations Research Methodology-5, Techniques and tools of Operations Research-5) 10 marks
Answer.
Operations Research Methodology
The first and the most important step in the OR approach of problem solving is to define the problem. One needs to ensure that the problem is identified properly because this problem statement will indicate the following three major aspects:

Q2. Explain the steps involved in linear programming problem formulation. Discuss in brief the advantages of linear programming. (Steps involved in LPP-4, Example-3 Advantages of LPP-3) 10 marks
Answer.

Steps of formulating Linear Programming Problem (LPP)

The following steps are involved to formulate LPP :

Step 1 : Identify the decision variables of the problem.

Q3. a. What is degeneracy in transportation problem? How it can be resolved?
b. Solve the following transportation problem using Vogel’s approximation method. (Degeneracy in transportation problem and resolving it-5, Computation/Solution to the problem-5) 10 marks
Answer.

a.)
Degeneracy in transportation problem
A basic solution to an m-origin, n destination transportation problem can have at the most m+n-1 positive basic variables (non-zero), otherwise the basic solution degenerates. It follows that whenever the number of basic cells is less than m + n – 1, the transportation problem is a degenerate one. The degeneracy can develop in two ways:
Case 1 - The degeneracy develops while determining an initial assignment via any one of the initial assignment methods
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Q4. a. Explain the steps in Hungarian method. Differentiate

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