Preview

Mcmm Vlsi

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
2604 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Mcmm Vlsi
With designs becoming increasingly complex by the day and transistor geometries shrinking, almost all the functional domains across SoC design teams are having a hard time to signoff their functions and Static Timing Analysis (STA) timing closure is also no exception. STA Timing closure is always an important and critical part of SoC design and lower technology nodes have only compounded the challenges for STA teams.
As the VLSI industry has entered the epoch of a lower technology node, diminishing transistor sizes and interconnect lengths have disturbed the ratio of cell and interconnect delays. This leads to requirement of signing off the SoC at multiple corners. After timing signoff at multiple Processes, Voltage, Temperature (PVT) corners, the silicon fabricated at submicron technology nodes shows appreciable increase in yield in terms of meeting timing specifications of the design.
However, timing closure at multiple PVT corners is in itself a huge challenge for the physical design team. This article will discuss these challenges and touch upon methodologies available to overcome them. We will discuss in detail, our solution to reduce the number of optimization corners in order to achieve efficient and coherent timing closure in minimum time. But before this, let us discuss in brief, the need to have multiple PVT corners for timing signoff.
Cell delays and interconnect delays are governed by manufacturing Process (P), operating Voltage (V) and ambient Temperature (T) properties of dies. These factors determine the physical properties of cells and interconnect like W/L ratio of cells and Resistance (R) and Capacitance (C) value of interconnects. At the 180-nm technology node and above, timing signoff at worst and best standard cell PVT corners with 2 RC extraction corners, namely, Cmax Rmin (Cmax) , and Cmin Rmax ( Cmin) was sufficient. On similar lines at 90 nm node 2 additional process corners Best Hot (Best process, Voltage at max temperature) and

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Satisfactory Essays

    NT110

    • 290 Words
    • 3 Pages

    From 1971 to 2012 the Intel processor transistor count has increased extremely throughout the years developing processor that meets modern pc needs. The growth in the number of transistors used in integrated circuits over the years is reasonable because, of Moore’s Law which predicted that every one year and a half to two years the capacity of the processors would double and, as we can see it is true. The growth on the transistors look surprisingly fast but at the same it is common because technology is used more than ever and to meet the needs of today’s society so reflecting on it is appropriate to say that it is growing at a normal rate. If I had to figure out when 100 billion transistors would fit on one single chip and using the of Moore’s law I would predict that it be around from 2018 to 2020.…

    • 290 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Buss4 Section B Essay

    • 1733 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Intel’s board decided to invest $7 billion in new chip plants in Oregon, Arizona and New Mexico. The first chips from the plants arrived this month, made with techniques that let the company create smaller, faster and lower-power products…

    • 1733 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Term Paper

    • 291 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Lincoln Electric was founded in 1895, and is the world leader in the design, development and manufacture of arc welding products, robotic welding systems, plasma and oxyfuel cutting equipment.…

    • 291 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Ece241 Project

    • 583 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Recommended Design Techniques for ECE241 Project Franjo Plavec Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto DISCLAIMER: The information contained in this document does NOT contain official grading policy. The information provided here is based on my personal experience with ECE241 course projects in the previous years. Its purpose is to warn you of some common mistakes and answer some common questions student in earlier years had. As grading policies and project requirements change from year to year, please consult course web site or your instructor for official policies. THIS DOCUMENT MAY CONTAIN SOME MISTAKES. I will do my best to point those mistakes to you if I discover any, but I cannot make any guarantees. All information in this document is MY PERSONAL PREFERRED WAY OF DOING VARIOUS TASKS RELATED TO HARDWARE DESIGN. It is by no means the only possible way to perform these tasks. Also, this document does not cover, nor does it attempt to cover all aspects of various problems discussed. Therefore, you should not make any implications on aspects of the problems not mentioned in this document. In other words, if the document states X, and you try to do Y, which is “very similar to X”, do not assume that statements this document makes for X necessarily hold for Y. CHECK YOUR ASSUMPTIONS against your textbook, course notes, your instructor’s and/or TA’s advice, compilation and simulation results from Quartus, and finally, common sense. Verilog and Quartus Issues When using Verilog for the first time in a real project, users are often tempted to use fancy features of the language to make their lives easier. Unfortunately, if one succumbs to those temptations, they usually make their lives harder. The main reason for that is that Verilog, the way it is used in ECE241 labs and the way Quartus II interprets it, is not a programming language. Verilog is a hardware description language, meaning that various blocks of code directly map into…

    • 583 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Processor transistors have roughly double in counts every 18 to 24 months. Each new chip contained roughly two times as much size as its predecessor. Moore’s Law described the growth trend of processor transistor that has continued to this day, and it has become the basis for many industry performance forecasts. In terms of size, cost, density, and speed, the growth in the number of transistors used in integrated circuits is reasonable. Compared to the increase in growth over the last decades to now, the growth of the number of transistors used in integrated circuits doesn’t look surprisingly fast or slow at all. Accordingly to Moore’s Law, one can predict that somewhere between 2018 and 2020 100 billion (or even a trillion) transistors may fit on a single chip. Although this trend has continued for…

    • 250 Words
    • 1 Page
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Intel case

    • 867 Words
    • 4 Pages

    In 1970, dynamic random access memory (DRAM) had many competitive advantages over magnetic core memory. DRAM was not new technology, but no one had figured out how to mass produce it at a low cost. Intel had three different process technologies it was working on to develop DRAM but needed to determine which would give them the best competitive advantage. Multichip assembly was one approach but it was difficult to mass produce while the three-prong circuit version was too simple and could easily be copied by competitors. By creating the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistor, Intel had a smaller product that was complex enough to prevent duplication, increase performance, and was more cost effective to build. Another advantage of the MOS technology was that it consumed lower power allowing it to reduce the risk of substitution. The MOS manufacturing process was prone to impurities, but as the process improved and yield rates rose, the MOS semiconductor grew to dominate the IC market. With Intel’s creation of the first one-kilobit DRAM, the 1103 chip, they were able to maintain dominance in the market place for two years.…

    • 867 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    RISC chips was developed to provide machines with high-performance at low price. However, the increasing cost made RISC chips develop more and more slowly.…

    • 433 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Eece353 Final Exam Summary

    • 1342 Words
    • 6 Pages

    UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING EECE 353 – Digital Systems Design Spring 2012 Review for the Final Exam…

    • 1342 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Mgt 230 Week One

    • 550 Words
    • 3 Pages

    When making a decision like enrolling in college, one must have the right to go through it. There are certain steps in the decision-making process to be completed when deciding how to go about the choice made. Decisions can either make or break a person 's self-esteem, so it is important to choose wisely. Decision making is not as easy as it may seem.…

    • 550 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Classic literature is now under fire from many school districts because of the content within the books. High schools are discussing on wether to include classical books that contain sensitive material, such as, Catcher In The Rye in their curriculums for the safety of their students. Although many critics think that profanity is excessive, The Catcher In The Rye should be included in high school curriculums to provide realistic language that is used frequently in society.…

    • 707 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    CMOS Memory

    • 438 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) is a transistor that combines both positive and negative channel in the same circuit, and consume lower amounts of power when compare with single polarity devices. In 1963 C. T. Sah and Frank Wanlass prove that combining both channels in a circuit drew close to zero power in standby mode. RCA laboratories first produce CMOS technology for aerospace and commercial applications. The first static RAM was introduced in 1968 with 288-bit capacity. In the first integrated microprocessor with CMOS technology only had 4bit and in 1972 an 8bit version was released. In 1975 RCA produces the COSMAC 1802 microprocessor to be use in Chrysler automobile engine control units (ECU). Low cost versions of the 8bit integrate chip make way to personal computers and video game consoles.…

    • 438 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Best Essays

    Chen, C., Novick, G., & Shimano, K. (2006). RISC Architecture. Retrieved October 9, 2014 from…

    • 2038 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Best Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Although Moore's law was initially made in the form of an observation[->11] and forecast[->12], the more widely it became accepted, the more it served as a goal for an entire industry. This drove both marketing[->13] and engineering[->14] departments of semiconductor[->15] manufacturers to focus enormous energy aiming for the specified increase in processing power that it was presumed one…

    • 782 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Diageo Marketing Paper

    • 5031 Words
    • 21 Pages

    ‘Diageo is the world's leading premium drinks business with an outstanding collection of beverage alcohol brands across spirits, wine and beer categories. These brands include: Smirnoff, Johnnie Walker, Captain Morgan, Baileys and José Cuervo.’[1]…

    • 5031 Words
    • 21 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Compared to previous Tick phase Sandy Bridge micro-architecture, Tock phase Ivy Bridge micro-architecture has few enhancements and it is the first to use Intel's Tri-Gate transistors. Xeon E7 v2 family supports up to 15 processor cores per chip without Integrated Voltage Regulator (IVR) supported and three times the memory capacity of the previous generation at up to 1.5TB per socket, With the Xeon E7 v2 line, Intel has also introduced Intel Run Sure Technology, a collection of features aimed at enhancing the Reliability, Availability and Serviceability (RAS) of the Xeon platform [1], [6]. It delivers up to double the average performance of previous versions. Ivy Bridge micro-architecture is almost similar to Sandy Bridge micro-architecture…

    • 722 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Powerful Essays