Preview

Mechanical Digestion Lab Report

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
747 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Mechanical Digestion Lab Report
Mechanical digestions starts from the intake of food into the mouth and when the food is chewed and while the food is broken down until it becomes small to be swallowed. Then the food goes down as a food bolus into the esophagus after the food is broken down. The food bolus passes through the alimentary canal through peristaltic movements. Peristaltic movements is a systematic series of muscle contractions and relaxation which involves the passage of food bolus through the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine. This whole process comes under Mechanical digestion. The process of chemical digestion begins when the food enters the stomach. Chemical digestion starts from the duodenum and continues through the jejunum, ileum where the lipids, …show more content…
The research focused on the functionality of milk protein concentrates. It involved the hydrolysis of milk protein concentrates which uses using chymotrypsin, pepsin and trypsin to improve the solubility and functionality of milk protein concentrates. With the pH levels adjusted the powdered milk was hydrated and then it was mixed with the aforementioned enzymes during the experiment. To provide 1g of enzyme for every 100 g of protein the enzyme solutions were added that was being hydrolyzed. The results of the study was that the milk protein concentrate hydrolysis with chymotrypsin, pepsin and trypsin and led to improved solubility in ambient temperature and neutral pH resulting in the production of high-protein beverages (Banach, Lin & Lamsal, 2013).
B.

1. Effect of digestive enzymes on a chocolate brownie that is rich in proteins and lipids.
Independent Variable: Digestive enzymes added to piece of chocolate brownie.
Dependent variable: variation in texture and consistency observed in the chocolate brownie.
Controlled variables: Measured quantity of chocolate brownie powder.
2.

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    The beginning of the digestive process starts with the smell and sight of food which activate the salivary glands. The mouth is the point at which food enters the digestive tract and continues the digestive process by chewing food. The food is then broken down into pieces and moistened by salivary glands which turn food into a bolus. The bolus goes down the pharynx into the esophagus which connects the pharynx to the stomach. The stomach is an organ that mixes food and secretes gastric juice. The bolus, once in the stomach, is mixed into a semiliquid mass called chime. The stomach is close together with the liver and pancreas but does not get assistance from these organs. The chime then enters…

    • 251 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    • How does digestion occur in each of the following parts of the digestive system?…

    • 483 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    17. Mechanical digestion includes the muscles of the stomach contracting to mix stomach fluids and food which produces a mixture known as chyme. Chemical digestion includes the production of acids that aid the digestion and absorption of food.…

    • 896 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Unit 4 Assigment

    • 1938 Words
    • 8 Pages

    The gastrointestinal tract starts with the mouth, which leads to the gullet via the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and ends at the anus. In due course of the journey, the ingested food is broken down by both physical and chemical means to release nutrients which are absorbed into the blood stream. The ingested food is physically broken down in the mouth by chewing so as to reduce its size for increased surface area over which enzymatic reaction will take place. Enzymatic reaction is known as digestion and this is defined as the chemical breakdown of the ingested complex food molecules by the action of biological enzymes, into simplest form that can be absorbed into the blood stream and assimilated into living cells. In human beings, various components of the ingested food are digested and absorbed at various sections of the alimentary canal .…

    • 1938 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Fantastic Voyage Unit 9

    • 1364 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Digestion begins in the mouth. A brain reflex triggers the flow of saliva when we see or even think of food. Saliva moistens the food while the teeth chew it up and make it easier to swallow. Amylase, which is the digestive enzyme, found in saliva, starts to break down starch into simpler sugars before the food even leave the mouth. The nervous pathway involved in salivary excretion requires stimulation of receptors in the mouth, sensory impulses to the brain stem and parasympathetic impulses to salivary glands. Swallowing his food happens when the muscles in his tongue and mouth move the food into his pharynx. The pharynx, which is the passage way for food and air, a small flap of skin called the epiglottis closes over the pharynx to prevent food from entering the trachea and causing choking. For swallowing to happen correctly a combination of 25 muscles must all work together at the same time. After being chewed and swallowed the food enters the esophagus or gullet is the muscular tube in vertebrates through which ingested food passes from the throat to the stomach. It connects the pharynx, which is the body cavity that is common to both the digestive and respiratory systems behind the mouth, with the stomach, where the second stage of digestion is initiated. The esophagus is a long tube that runs from the mouth to the stomach. It uses rhythmic wave like muscle movements called peristalsis to force food from the throat into the…

    • 1364 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Mechanical digestion happens in the mouth with the movements of the jaws and teeth and within the stomach and the intestine this is by the churning action of the muscular walls. Chemical digestion is by a series of specific enzymes in which are produced within numerous regions of the alimentary canal. The salivary glands produce an enzyme called amylase which breaks down polysaccharides into simpler sugars. These enzymes then hydrolyse the chemicals within the larger food molecules by breaking them down into very tiny constituent molecules.…

    • 1736 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    The Digestive System is the name given to the sequential process that our bodies perform when ingesting food, and the breaking down of macromolecules into micromolecules so that the body can absorb it’s nutrients into the bloodstream and it’s cellular system to obtain energy for cellular respiration, and the excretion all indigestible waste products. This happens within the digestive tract, which starts at the Mouth or Oral cavity and ends at the Anus. (Reference Appended image 1,’ The Human digestive system and associated organs). The molecules of food that we eat are generally Polymers, i.e., large, complex Molecules that are composed of long chains of Monomers. Polymers are insoluble and therefore cannot be absorbed into our bloodstream and need to be assimilated into different absorptive products. Polymers have to be hydrolysed into smaller, soluble molecules. This process happens during the process of digestion. Food is broken down by mechanical or chemical means (Hydrolysis) and this process is aided by Enzymes. Enzymes are biological, process catalysing Proteins which massively speed up the breaking down of compound molecules into micromolecules to allow nutritional absorption. All digestive Enzymes are Hydrolytic, i.e., a water molecule is added to allow compound molecular breakdown and separation. All Enzymes have a unique shape to their ‘active site’ allowing only the target substrate to bond for biological processing. Enzymes have optimum operating requirements and can denature if the temperature becomes too warm or the environment too acidic or alkaline. Digestive Enzyme secretion is regulated by both the nervous and the hormonal systems. Hormones are a chemical substance signalling system that communicates from one set of cells to another set, the target cells, which will then trigger enzyme secretion.…

    • 1910 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    Have you ever thought that the U.S. government is easily comparable to the Roman's version of government? Maybe that's because the U.S. government is roughly parallel with the Ancient Roman Government. The Romans did not have a constitution, like us Americans, but their division of executive, legislative, and judicial branches is similar. The Roman government served as a template for the American government. As you read further, you will see how the governmental structures, with detail, are similar by first making points on the American style contrasted with the Roman style of government.…

    • 1798 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    3

    • 1178 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The digestive system works like an assembly line in reverse. Carbohydrates, fats and proteins are progressively broken down into smaller molecules that can be used by the body. This system extracts needed nutrients and gets rid of any unnecessary wastes. Structurally, the digestive system consists of the long tube, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that serves as the direct pathway for what you eat and excrete. Along the way, various accessory organs help with the mechanical breakdown and the chemical digestion of food. Mechanical digestion involves physically mashing or tearing the bites of food we put in our mouths. We normally think of mechanical digestion occurring in the mouth, but there are other features of your GI tract that also help mash up your food. As what you consume is being smashed, chemical digestion also begins. Enzymes break fats, carbohydrates and proteins into their building blocks so they can be used by the body. Once these molecules are broken down, they can become the raw material for the production of the body’s energy currency, adenosine triphosphate (ATP).…

    • 1178 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    The purpose of this experiment was to determine (1) the reaction rate of an amylase enzyme in starch and (2) the environmental factors that can affect the enzymatic activity. The hypothesis, in relation to the enzymatic activity by variables such as the substrate concentrations, temperature, PH and chemical interactions on the rate of reaction, stated the following scenarios: (1) If the substrate concentration is increased, then the enzymatic rate will increase (2) If the temperature is increased, then the enzymatic rate will also increase (3) If the PH level is increased, then the enzymatic rate will decrease.…

    • 2678 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Human Digestion Paper

    • 307 Words
    • 2 Pages

    The path that food follows through the digestive system is very interesting. First you put the food to your mouth, take a bite, and chew. The salivary glands begin the digestive process at the sight and smell of food. After food enters the mouth and is moistened by saliva, it transforms into a bolus. Once the bolus leaves the mouth, it moves into the pharynx, where it can be swallowed. The bolus then moves from the pharynx to the stomach. Once the bolus reaches the stomach, it is mixed with acid secretion to transform the bolus into chyme (the semifluid mass into which food is converted by gastric secretion and which passes from the stomach into the small intestine). Food is partially digested in the stomach and chyme usually empties from the stomach in two to six hours. This time frame can be determined by the size and type of meal ingested. Although, the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are located in close proximity of the stomach, they contribute to the digestive process once the chyme reaches the small intestine. The small intestine is a tube shaped organ of the digestive tract where digestion of ingested food is completed and the majority of nutrient absorption occurs. The small intestine is divided into three parts, known as the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. The large intestine includes both the colon and the rectum. Additional absorption of water and some vitamins and minerals occurs in the colon. Materials not absorbed in the colon are exerted from the body as waste products in the feces. The end of the colon is attached to the anus, which is the external opening of the digestive tract where the feces are eliminated from the body. This is how the digestive process works. Fascinating…

    • 307 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Health Paper

    • 473 Words
    • 2 Pages

    4. Absorption is the physiologic process by which molecules of food are taken from the gastrointestinal tract into the circulation. (Cherif, 2011 ) Propulsion is the movement of food along the digestive tract. The major means of propulsion is peristalsis, a series of alternating contractions and relaxations of smooth muscle that lines the walls of the digestive organs and that forces food to move forward. Chemical digestion is the chemical breakdown of food into simpler compounds. Proteins are…

    • 473 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Essay On Digestive System

    • 552 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The process of digestion has many stages with the first starting in the oral cavity. Within the system, food passes through a tube called the alimentary canal, more commonly known as the gastrointestinal tract. The tract is made up of the oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestines, and large intestines. To provide energy and nutrients to the body, major functions take place in the digestive system which include; ingestion, secretion, mixing and movement, digestion, absorption and excretion.…

    • 552 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Why is a communication skill important to have in a health and social care sector?…

    • 3569 Words
    • 15 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Pater Familias

    • 2076 Words
    • 7 Pages

    In Roman society, the authority of the pater familias was an important aspect of everyday life, especially during the 160’s BC in Rome Carthage, which is the time period Publius Terentius Afer lived in, who hailed from Carthage. Author of the comedy The Brothers, Terence criticizes the Roman institution of the pater familias in The Brothers” by using social dichotomies such as father and son, rural area and urban area, and conservative and liberal lifestyles to compare how total submission is ineffective.…

    • 2076 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays