minorities.
minorities.
In class, we discussed the role of the criminal justice system and that the law does not bring justice to all. This relates to 13th in that the majority of American citizens manipulated the law to unfairly demonize minorities and expand the prison population. This expansion in prison population began with a loophole for slavery and has continued through today as a means to maintain the corporate interests in the prison system. The documentary continues with describing the labels minority youths experience as a result of these years of discrimination in the criminal justice…
On August 8th, 2013 United States Attorney General Eric Holder made history when he announced the nearing end of the mandatory minimum-era in federal sentencing policy in his speech to the American Bar Association in San Francisco. In his address Holder lamented the condition of the Federal Justice System, expressing concern over astronomical incarceration rates, lack of inmate rehabilitation, and discouraging recidivism rates. It was racial disparities in sentencing, however, which garnered the majority of Holder’s attention.…
Race-based theory plays a major role in predicting substantial and institutionalized discrimination that is always aimed at minorities within the systems of criminal justice. Racial discrimination in the criminal systems is mainly carried out by police, judges in the courts and agencies which carry out corrections in the United States. Evidence of criminal discrimination against African Americans and Hispanics found in the United States highlights some of the discrimination incidences that the minorities go through. Discrimination against minorities is popularly explained as a purpose of little position of their socioeconomic actions rather than indigenous or racial status. There are two race-based conflict theories which address the discrimination…
Incarceration adversely affect their life chances during and after their release from prison. Prison sentences for blacks and Latino males has never been equally distributed as black and Latino males find themselves more harshly prosecuted for crimes than whites e.g. during the war on drugs policy of the 80’s black men dealing and using crack cocaine were more harshly prosecuted than those found in possessions of powder cocaine who were generally…
Life, as we know it today, isn't the way it was before because of the increase in incarceration rates within our nation; especially among our minority groups. When minority groups are mentioned, it's aimed towards people that are different from the social majority. Incarceration is the state of being confined in prison; imprisoned. There are various factors that have led to this dreadful increase. The cause of this climb in numbers of people being incarcerated are prisons profiting from the number of people being imprisoned, policies and practices, and most importantly, a wide range of criminal offenders. This dilemma…
The purpose of the artwork is to show that African American men and women are overrepresented in the prison population. The piece represents the silencing of the incarcerated men, who were stripped of many rights. The Artist uses tar to symbolize the silencing of these individuals. Titus Kaphar also wants to shed light on the fact that so many African American children have fathers in the penitentiary system. He personally experienced not being able to find his father because the prison systems are overflowing with black men. Any of those men could be his father and he wanted to express to his audience the injustices of the penitentiary.…
ncreasingly, governments are adopting alternative strategies to mass incarceration and drawing on the rhetoric of community to create softer and less restrictive sanctions. This paper argues that this transition provides an opportunity for geographers concerned with incarceration to consider a more expansive understand- ing of the carceral state. To call for a more geographically expansive consideration of incarceration, this paper draws upon a study of one juvenile court that sought to end racialized over-incarceration by promoting a “com- munity orientation”. As a consequence, juvenile detention now acts as a single node in a broader process of sorting, placing, and punishing, but the carceral aspects of juvenile court involvement…
Cothern, L., Hawkins, D., Laub, J., and Lauritsen, J. (2000). Race, Ethnicity, and Serious and…
Throughout human history, prisons have been portrayed as institutions that are set to protect the masses, and punish those that need to be punished. However, by analyzing the prison system, the fact of the matter is that prisons exist to protect dominant groups and vilify and criminalize minority groups. This is an evident and clear fact that can be seen through the numerous statistics that support the fact that visible minorities and racialized individuals are incarcerated at alarming rates, compared to their Caucasian counterparts. Therefore, although it is an ugly truth, the prison system is set up to perpetuate structural inequalities, and reinforce dominant ideologies over who is “good” and who is “bad”, by vilifying the actions of one…
The shameful history of the United States is a burden that is currently affecting everything from education to legal policy. Racial segregation has taken a toll on society and the lives of many minorities. The American judicial system lacks the understanding of human potential by targeting low income minorities and subjugating them for petty misdemeanors. Due to racial discrimination, false allegations towards minorities have resulted in wrongfully incarcerated people for petty crimes; more than likely, they will serve longer sentences for these offenses than a Caucasian person would. Without the necessary resources provided, lack of social capital can inflict damage to their reputation and the overall racial perception society has on minorities.…
“A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Stigmatization of Children of Incarcerated Parents” by Susan Phillips and Trevor Gates, explains the how stigmatization affects the families of the incarcerated by instigating financial hardships and delinquent behavior. “Mass Incarceration, Family Complexity, and the Reproduction of Childhood Disadvantage” by B.L. Sykes and B. Pettit talks about the concept of multiple partner fertility as a form of family complexity, and how this outwardly affects the nuclear family decline. And “Young Adult Outcomes and the Life-Course Penalties of Parental Incarceration” by Daniel P. Mears and Sonja E. Siennick introduce the turning point theory and how it provides further explanation of the perpetuation of intergenerational incarceration. All of the articles address the subject of mass incarceration, and how it disproportionately affects families of color. These theories all support the idea that parental incarceration affects the decline of the nuclear family among minorities in the United States by creating current problems for the families involved with the system, and also perpetuating a cycle that is bound to affect future generations. The perpetuation of the cycle is what keeps the incarceration rates up and the nuclear family rates down over…
The high rates of imprisonment among poor men reflect the effects of mass incarceration on the microlevel as well as the outcome of when law enforcement focuses on socioeconomic disadvantages in urban communities. Could it be that the criminal Justice system is deeply embedded in maintain poverty racially condense areas? Evidence shows mixed views of the social consequences of mass incarceration. This is due to the problem of invisible equality where those who are incarcerated are unavailable for social research, thus affecting statistics on severe economic disadvantage regarding mass incarceration. For one employment rates have decreased with the increase of incarceration rates. There is limited proof that mass incarceration undermines family…
There are many theories on why, how and even if race discrimination plays a significant role in explaining the current arrest and incarceration rates of minorities…
In, “Beyond the Prison Bubble,” published in the Wilson Quarterly in the winter 2011, Joan Petersilia shows different choices about the imprisonment systems. The United States has the highest incarceration rate of any free nation (para.1). The crime rate over a thirty year span had grown by five times since 1960 to 1990. There are more people of color or Hispanics in federal and state institutions then there are of any other nationality. The prison system is growing more than ever; the growth in twenty years has been about 21 new prisons. Mass imprisonment has reduced crime but, has not helped the inmate to gradually return back to society with skills or education. But the offenders leaving prison now are more likely to have fairly long criminal records, lengthy histories of alcohol and drug abuse, significant periods of unemployment and homelessness, and physical or mental disability (par.12).…
For the past several decades, the mass incarcerated population has more than doubled since 1970’s (DuVernay, 13th). Mass incarceration is the act of placing a bunch of people in prisons, detention centers, and correction facilities. Usually, the people affected are people of color, the reasoning behind placing people in these situations is because of misdemeanors, for the sake of putting people in prison or because of their status. Because of these conducts by law enforcers, the population of the imprisoned is growing exponentially that the prison systems and detention centers are not giving proper amenity and placing people wherever they want. The era of mass incarceration began when the government started the goal getting criminals off the street.…