Motor and Controls
ELECTRIC MOTOR CONTROLS
Once the proper motor is selected, understanding the many various control devices available and their uses and limitations becomes an important part related to reliable operation and protection of the motor and the personnel using the motor. Motor Control Topics There are four major motor control topics or categories to consider. Each of these has several subcategories and sometimes the subcategories overlap to some extent. Certain pieces of motor control equipment can accomplish multiple functions from each of the topics or categories. C The four categories include: 1) Starting the Motor Disconnecting Means Across the Line Starting Reduced Voltage Starting 2) Motor Protection Overcurrent Protection Overload Protection Other Protection (voltage, phase, etc) Environment 3) Stopping the Motor Coasting Electrical Braking Mechanical Braking 4) Motor Operational Control Speed Control Reversing Jogging Sequence Control • An understanding of each of these areas is necessary to effectively apply motor control principles and equipment to effectively operate and protect a motor.
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MOTOR STARTING
All motors must have a control device to start and stop the motor called a “motor controller”. Motor Controller A motor controller is the actual device that energizes and de-energizes the circuit to the motor so that it can start and stop. • Motor controllers may include some or all of the following motor control functions: S S starting, stopping, over-current protection, overload protection, reversing, speed changing, jogging, plugging, sequence control, and pilot light indication. Controllers range from simple to complex and can provide control for one motor, groups of motors, or auxiliary equipment such as brakes, clutches, solenoids, heaters, or other signals.
Motor Starter The starting mechanism that energizes the circuit to an induction motor is called the “starter” and must supply the motor with sufficient current to provide adequate
Once the proper motor is selected, understanding the many various control devices available and their uses and limitations becomes an important part related to reliable operation and protection of the motor and the personnel using the motor. Motor Control Topics There are four major motor control topics or categories to consider. Each of these has several subcategories and sometimes the subcategories overlap to some extent. Certain pieces of motor control equipment can accomplish multiple functions from each of the topics or categories. C The four categories include: 1) Starting the Motor Disconnecting Means Across the Line Starting Reduced Voltage Starting 2) Motor Protection Overcurrent Protection Overload Protection Other Protection (voltage, phase, etc) Environment 3) Stopping the Motor Coasting Electrical Braking Mechanical Braking 4) Motor Operational Control Speed Control Reversing Jogging Sequence Control • An understanding of each of these areas is necessary to effectively apply motor control principles and equipment to effectively operate and protect a motor.
1
MOTOR STARTING
All motors must have a control device to start and stop the motor called a “motor controller”. Motor Controller A motor controller is the actual device that energizes and de-energizes the circuit to the motor so that it can start and stop. • Motor controllers may include some or all of the following motor control functions: S S starting, stopping, over-current protection, overload protection, reversing, speed changing, jogging, plugging, sequence control, and pilot light indication. Controllers range from simple to complex and can provide control for one motor, groups of motors, or auxiliary equipment such as brakes, clutches, solenoids, heaters, or other signals.
Motor Starter The starting mechanism that energizes the circuit to an induction motor is called the “starter” and must supply the motor with sufficient current to provide adequate