Muscular And Visual System
Toxic Responses of The Ocular and Visual System
Desiree S. Dawson
Southern University and A&M College
November 30, 2015
Abstract
The Ocular and Visual System is part of the Central Nervous System. It allows an organism to see visual detail. It can interpret visual light, binocular representation and perception. The Visual System consists of the retina, optic chiasm, optic nerve, visual cortex, optic tract, lateral geniculate body and visual association cortex. The Ocular and Visual System can be damaged by the environmental and occupational exposure to toxic chemicals, vapors and gases. Therapeutic drugs also have the ability to produce side effects that can result in altering the structure and …show more content…
It gives organisms the ability to view and process detailed images, as well as produce different responses to non- photo oriented functions. With just light, the ocular system can create a representation of a surrounding area. Vision is one of the most complex systems visual systems and the main sensory organ is the eye. The physical stimuli that is produced by light rays can be converted into electrical and chemical signals that the brain can construct into images. The sclera which holds the cornea, the choroid which contains the pupil, iris and lens; and the retina are the three layers of the eye. The different parts of the eye include: the cornea iris, ciliary body, lens retina and optic …show more content…
The Optometrist will ask about medical history, overall health and family medical history. The eye doctor will also ask if any medication is being taken at that time. After this a visual acuity is performed using a smellen chart. The individual will be asked to read random letters displayed on a video projector. To test if an individual needs glasses the refraction test is performed, flipping different lenses amongst the eyes asking which appears better. Peripheral vision is checked and pupils are looked at with pen- lights. Often eye drops are used to dilate the pupils, allowing the doctor to view the back of the eye with an ophthalmoscope. Other devices used are the slit lamps, which can check for glaucoma and view the front of the eye. Pupillary light reflex is tested which involves shining a bright light into the eye and observing reflexive pupil constriction in the eye. The consensual pupillary reflex is observed in the eye that is not stimulated, but both the direct and consensual pupillary light reflexes depend on the function of a reflex arc. The reflex arc involves cells in the retina that travel through the optic chiasm and tract. Though the light reflex does not necessarily mean normal visual function, it is important to know because even with retinal damage it can be
Desiree S. Dawson
Southern University and A&M College
November 30, 2015
Abstract
The Ocular and Visual System is part of the Central Nervous System. It allows an organism to see visual detail. It can interpret visual light, binocular representation and perception. The Visual System consists of the retina, optic chiasm, optic nerve, visual cortex, optic tract, lateral geniculate body and visual association cortex. The Ocular and Visual System can be damaged by the environmental and occupational exposure to toxic chemicals, vapors and gases. Therapeutic drugs also have the ability to produce side effects that can result in altering the structure and …show more content…
It gives organisms the ability to view and process detailed images, as well as produce different responses to non- photo oriented functions. With just light, the ocular system can create a representation of a surrounding area. Vision is one of the most complex systems visual systems and the main sensory organ is the eye. The physical stimuli that is produced by light rays can be converted into electrical and chemical signals that the brain can construct into images. The sclera which holds the cornea, the choroid which contains the pupil, iris and lens; and the retina are the three layers of the eye. The different parts of the eye include: the cornea iris, ciliary body, lens retina and optic …show more content…
The Optometrist will ask about medical history, overall health and family medical history. The eye doctor will also ask if any medication is being taken at that time. After this a visual acuity is performed using a smellen chart. The individual will be asked to read random letters displayed on a video projector. To test if an individual needs glasses the refraction test is performed, flipping different lenses amongst the eyes asking which appears better. Peripheral vision is checked and pupils are looked at with pen- lights. Often eye drops are used to dilate the pupils, allowing the doctor to view the back of the eye with an ophthalmoscope. Other devices used are the slit lamps, which can check for glaucoma and view the front of the eye. Pupillary light reflex is tested which involves shining a bright light into the eye and observing reflexive pupil constriction in the eye. The consensual pupillary reflex is observed in the eye that is not stimulated, but both the direct and consensual pupillary light reflexes depend on the function of a reflex arc. The reflex arc involves cells in the retina that travel through the optic chiasm and tract. Though the light reflex does not necessarily mean normal visual function, it is important to know because even with retinal damage it can be