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NEEDS FOR ENHANCEMENTS INSIDE BUSINESS OPERATIONS TOWARD GLOBALIZATION

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:

It seems that the business world is becoming more and more challenging fir firms and organisations to participate and stay competitive inside. There is a common trend in the world for such firms and organisations to participate in globalization, which is in brief, the process for international exchanging of national or cultural related resources. The Advances in transportation and telecommunications infrastructure, including the rise of the Internet, are major factors in globalization, generating further interdependence of economic and cultural activities (Stever, 1972; Frank, 1998; Bridges, 2002). However, changes toward the globalization are not the simple enough processes for any firm or organization to implement. It requires more than the existing capacities and resources the firms current have to be successfully in such long term and complicated process. Each firm has its inner issues and problems in the operation of the business, and to face and deal with the challenges and obstacles before achieving globalization in the operation of business, there are still issues and processes to take into concern. Those hindering factors may be the capital, related taxes and tariffs, knowledge and experience in international trade, politic contexts, technology, or even internal conflicts inside the firms for enhancements and further performances (Macesich, 2012; Fischer, 2003). This is the context which this research paper is put into, as the background for the related statement that there are “needs for enhancements in the operations of business organizations toward globalization”. It is critical that the organization should exploit the best of its internal capacities to be able to practice organization and participate into this international trend.
The content of this research paper will be our attempt to analyze and identify all the related issues and requirements which the organization should try to enhance and adjust so that the best performance of it in the globalization process can be achieved. Those factors may include the organization’s culture, the human resources, international business contracts, sustainability, the quality and perception of employees, and the activates of capital in the globalization process. The outcomes of this research is that base on the investigated factors and issues, suggestions and recommendations may be offered so that the organization can enhance itself with related progresses for the utmost goal that the organization can stay competence and competitive in the international trend of globalization.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In acknowledgement I would like to first of all thank …………. because without his support and guidance, it would have been impossible to prepare and hence finish this management report. Also, I would also like to thank …………… who always provided useful dissertation writing tips especially at the beginning of this project. Most importantly though I would like to say thanks to all my family members who have supported me with both knowledge and spirit so that I can gain self-confidence through the long process of making this research paper.
Thank you all,
Contents

CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND:
Globalization does not come in tidy sectoral or geographically demarcated packages. It is all about interconnections – among people; across states; in production networks and financial markets; between greed and grievance; among failing states, terrorism, and criminal networks; between nature and society.”(Ruggie). Thomas L. Friedman(2008) defined the term "flat world", arguing that globalized trade, outsourcing, supply-chaining, and political forces had permanently changed the world, for better and worse. He asserted that the pace of globalization was quickening and that its impact on business organization and practice would continue to grow. Thus, we can briefly define that globalization is the long process in which the organization would participate into higher level of international trade and cooperation with other organization, both parties and rivals. There are five dimensions of globalization: economic, political, cultural, ecological, and ideological. The ideological dimension, according to Steger, is filled with a range of norms, claims, beliefs, and narratives about the phenomenon itself (Steger, 2009). However, this process is quite complicated and challenging for any organization to transform from the domestic operation to international operation.

THE RESEARCH QUESTION

The above reality describes the significance of the capacities as internal forces of the organizations to successfully implement globalization to expand its operation. As the matter of fact, each organization has its internal issues inside the operation to resolve before commence globalization. This research paper will go through all the related issues above with the associated effects in globalization. Among those issues are the organization’s capacities toward international contracts, the quality and perception of the employees, the culture of the organization, the political context where the organization operates, the process toward sustainability, and the competitiveness of it. Each of them will donate its part into the utmost answer for the research question of “needs for enhancements in the operations of business organizations toward globalization”. This great transformation will pose a great deal of challenges for organizations to face and deal with, but the greater successes coming later will prove the worthiness of that transformation.

JUSTIFICATION AND SCALE OF THE STUDY:

The significance of this research paper is constructed by several background reasons. Firstly, approaching the globalizations is the great chance for organizations to cope with changes in the intentional market, to remain competitive in the increasingly challenging world. According to Fotopoulos, 2001, “economic globalization" as the opening and deregulation of commodity, capital and labor markets that led toward present neoliberal globalization. However, not all the organization that implements globalization process can achieve success in short term or potential long term benefits. This depends much on the attempts of the organizations to identify the existing issues inside the operation of the business and the right efficient approaches of this worldwide process. This fact proves the importance of this phase of organizations to examine, identify and dove the existing issues so that it can build the effective approach toward globalizations. The obvious outcome of this report will reveal the necessary steps for organizations to precede, to avoid any wrong enactments later, which will pose a lot of unpredicted consequences. Each of the related associated factors of this worldwide trend will be clarified and defined in this report, so that the organizations can enhance each of its operational aspects in the business operation. Joining the “flatten world” means that each organization has the same opportunities and threats to face and deal with in the business, and the most successful ones with those factors can be the most competitive ones. In fact, there are negatively consequences and limitations of this report beyond what we can identify and resolve through economic researches, called the limitations of this report, will be examined and clearly defined as below.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:

Scientifically saying, any research has its own limitations in applications and practical effects, according to Blumberg et al (2005). There are the needs that we can examine them and include in this report for further implementations and calculations. This aspect should be attached to any report for its applications. According to Creswell, 2007 and
Blumberg et al, 2005), the background reasons are the necessity to help the research claiming that the associated findings are just applicable for the specific cases and not in overall large scale, and may not be applicable for further evaluation of the reliability and validity. Those limitations may appear in forms of the accesses of information, the time constraints, and the validity of the referenced or reacted researches (Saunders et al, 2007). As we have defined in the business, the progress to approach globalizations of each organization does vary, depending on the real capacities and possesses forces of it, then the number of necessary enactments will actually vary. Thus, this is the first limitations of the study for the organizations to consider before applying the efficiency of this study. Secondly, regarding the data collection phase, since the performances of this study based on the practical data collected in the market in such a definite period of time, then consequently, further applications of the study should be put under the light of the updated related data for the highest level of effects. Besides, the methods to identify the related issues in the business of organizations may in different relationships, depending on the scale of the investigation (Blumberg et al, 2005). The payback of using the previous researched data may come when there are facts that are not suitably applicable for the specific cases. However, as suggested by Blumberg et al, (2005), this limitations may be reduce in effects if we can apply different sources of data and information, and the influences of such limitations may be reduced. The structure of this study will be clearly defined in the coming section of this study.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY:

This section will reveal all the associated chapters of it as summarization. This Chapter will mention the introduction to the research, by introduce and discuss the related aspects for the proposed research question. This includes the needs for the organization to identify the existing issues inside its operations to adapt to globalization, and the potential solutions to implement before participating into globalization. Also, the limitations and scale of the research will be mentioned and discussed. The later coming chapters will concentrate on discussing the related issues toward the research question, in the light of the related literature for the necessities of changes and adjustments inside the firms to approach globalization, such as the effects of the domestic culture, the capacities and perception of the employees, the capacities of the existing potential resources to exploit, sustainability issues and the international performance requirements for organizations. The coming chapter will analyze the above mentioned issues in the operation of business organizations in details, with regard to the abilities of organizations to adapt to the transformation to globalization. As the essential comparison, the next chapter will propose the previous studies and researches on the same aspect of the business in globalization and their applications or references onto this study for further background. Lastly, the chapter five’s roles are to enlighten and conclude the given aspects of the study, with supporting and enforcing effects onto the limitations of the study and potentialities for further applications.
CONCLUSION
As we may realized, the role of this chapter is to introduce the research question under the light of the related business context and needs for implementing international business in globalization. There are also the proposed scale and limitations of this study, as for its further and later applications by business organizations for the highest level of effects and benefits. The limitations of the research also prove its significance, since unsuitable applications may lead to non-efficient outcome in the business.
With all the important aspects enlightened above, our next chapter will focus on identifying, examining, clarifying and proposing solutions for the existing issues as the necessary phases for organizations to consider in their approaches toward the international trend of globalization.
CHAPTER TWO – LITERATURE REVIEW:

1. Introduction:
As proposed by (Yu, 2009), when the environment changes, the organization has to change or die. This fact will also be true being put under the context of international globalization. It is the most common rend of the organizations in their efforts to expand the markets to the world. This will increase the associated level of competitiveness of the market, and just the competence, strong and competitive ones can remain. International business includes all commercial transactions (private sales, investments, logistics, and transportation) that take place between two or more regions, countries and nations beyond their political boundaries. Such international diversification is tied with firm performance and innovation, positively in the case of the former and often negatively in the case of the latter( Hitt, Michael A.; Hoskisson, Robert E.; Kim, Hicheon , 1997). As the common sense, in this progress the organizations and firms will implement transitions to gain profits and try to seize the markets (Daniels, J., Radebaugh, L., Sullivan, D., 2007). Such business transactions include economic resources such as capital, natural and human resources used for international production of physical goods and services such as finance, banking, insurance, construction and other productive activities (Joshi, Rakesh M., 2009). As the characteristics of the international market, unlike operating domestically, the organizations will have to adapt to higher requirements to its performance in globalization. This will be the foundation for our investigation in the study for the capacities of the organizations against the needs for changes and adjustments of its internal capacities and resources to be successful in the internationally-orientated transformation. The role of this study is to suggest the associated aspect of the business which should be enhanced and improved, such as the practice of international trade, employee ability supervisions and enhancements, strategic decisions and business visions for the potentiality of the international markets. All those above mentioned aspects fro globalization will be examined in the later section of this research.
2. Prospect of potential transitions to take in globalization:
The core challenges of the transition phase in globalization is to the market economy function with higher level of efficiency, and build effective foundations for the organizations to base on and operate its business.
As the utmost requirements of the transitions in globalization, the organizations have to implement structural reforms, which can help them to build the most suitable and effective model to participate into that worldwide business process. Globalization is the core driver of structural reform in the world economy(Margaret Sharp, 1980), and it is applicable due to the dynamic nature of the economic system (Pasinetti, Luigi L., 1981). The structural reforms that move countries through the development process are often viewed in terms of shifts from primary, to secondary and finally, to tertiary production. Technical progress is seen as crucial in the process of structural change as it involves the obsolescence of skills, vocations, and permanent changes in spending and production resulting in structural unemployment. ( Pasinetti, Luigi L., 1981; Leon, P., 1967). There are also additional components to support such transformations, such as the institutional strengthening and improved governance. In more profound investigations, there are six essential elements of the structural reformation for organizations to follow, as listed below.
The first enactment is the changes in roles of the government, which has the objective to build the foundation to support the markets and developments of business units. Secondly, there should exist the continuing process of reformation of sectors. There is the fact that the financial sector in the economies, even including the developed countries, are still under average level of financial institutions of the highly industrialized countries. This fact poses the needs for the essential improvements in terms of the competitiveness of the organizations as enhancements, together with the improvements of regulatory environment and more effective supervision. Thirdly is the development of human resource of the organization. Such internal force should be enhanced and strengthen to help the countries in the phase of transition toward globalization to achieve higher level of competitiveness of their business operation. The needs for more efficient education, training and rehabilitation of the R&D capacity of the organizations should be in great consideration in the coming phase of the transition toward globalization. Furthermore, the infrastructure of the organizations and firms should also be improved, due to the existence of large needs for building the new innovative infrastructure network and the positive replacements for the previous technology in manufacture. The employment enhancing competitive effect has to be compared with the direct labour-saving effect of the imported technologies (Haddad and Harrison, 1993; Coe et al., 1997; Aitken and Harrison, 1999; Kathuria, 2001). This kind of needs and improvements will require much higher initial capital for operation. In terms of institutional setting, labor skills, technological capabilities and competitiveness of domestic firms – can amplify the positive employment impact of globalization, while institutional mismatches between the market, the organizations and the government (Perez, 1983; Shafaeddin, 2005) and lack of local capabilities can severely jeopardize the potential for economic and employment growth (Basu and Weil, 1998). Finally is another environmental factor which can affect the transition of organizations toward globalization, which are the needs for reducing local poverty and income inequality. As such, business process outsourcing has been described as the "primary engine of the country 's development over the next few decades, contributing broadly to GDP growth, employment growth, and poverty alleviation" (Kuruvilla, 2008).
3. Globalization: drawbacks for organizations to consider in their approaches and implementations
In the narrow scale of this research, we have supposed that the organizations should take a stand in the worldwide process to be integrated into globalization to expand its market to the world. However, this process of globalization is not a perfect one. In fact, it has numerous drawbacks, which have significant effects onto both the operational activities of the organization and the economy of countries. So far, toward globalization, there are two fields of considerations for organizations to take into concern before implanting to enhance and integrate itself. The first field is to figure out and consider the internal aspects and factors in the operation and capacities of the organization, so that they can build necessary enhancements to improve the approaches toward globalization to take advantageous role in globalization. Secondly, the organizations should also consider all the external negative aspect of this worldwide process to figure out the international context, which is very helpful to forecast and prevent the potential future drawbacks to affect the organizations in future operation. In this segment of the report, those related drawbacks will be investigated and enlighten for organizations to take into consideration.
Firstly, in this process to build the “flatten world” in which originations from various countries can take equal stand as the common market, the disadvantages will come first to the poorer countries. While the free trade can encourage globalization among countries, there is definite number of counties attempting to protect their domestic suppliers. There is the fact that the main export of the poorer countries is usually include agricultural products, and the larger countries may implement policies to support their farmers, and the better market price of their products are significant (Hurst E. Charles, 1999). Secondly, outsourcing is the beneficial process for larger corporations to move their manufacturing and services from the locations with higher costs to the locations with lower prices, which can pose economic opportunities for them to offer the most competitive wages and business benefits in association to their products and services (Kuruvilla; Ranganathan, 2008). The third drawback to be identified is that the power and effectiveness of the labor unions are considerably weakened, due to the great number of cheap labor in the world to be approached. As the common rule, the corporations will attempt to make transitions from the high cost locations to those with low costs for labor to operate its business (Hurst E. Charles, 1999). Another drawback for the globalization process is the economic inequality. This situation takes place in any aspects such as societies, historical periods, economic structures or systems (Wojciech Kopczuk, Emmanuel Saez, and Jae Song , 2010). It has considerable effects onto the outcome, and equality of opportunity of both organizations and countries in the economy. According to Wilkinson, Richard; Pickett, Kate (2009), this kind of inequality has been changing from being beneficial and necessary for the developments of the economies to be a growing social problem. Numerous studies have suggested that greater inequality inhibits economy growth has been proved to be flawed since they do not have effects for many years, and such inequality can impact growth changes (Banerjee, Abhijit V.; Duflo, Esther, 2003). Moreover, the most significant determinant of the sustained economic growth is the identified level of income inequality (Berg, Andrew G.; Ostry, Jonathan D., 2011). The last obvious drawback of globalization, which has been great international concern, is the abilities of organizations to practice sustainability toward the environment in the operation of business. There are a number of issues to be supposed to arise in globalization, such as global warming, climate change, global water supply and water crises, inequity in energy consumption and energy conservation, transnational air pollution and pollution of the World Ocean, overpopulation, world habitat sustainability, deforestation, and biodiversity and species extinction (Bigs, Shannon, 2011). It is one of the most important requirements for organizations to successful penetrate Najd establish its operation onto the new market, since the higher level of sustainability toward the environment the organizations can practice, the higher level of friendliness in the business environment can be achieved. For instance, as the attempt to broadcast the image of the organizations in the community, achieving high sustainability in the business operations can be the best practice to gain benefits. Otherwise, the friendliness of the business environment will go down, and so do advantages and benefits of the organization in such international markets. Globalization, under the international view, is attributed to lead to a type of environmental violation. (Lechner, Frank J., and John Boli., 2012).
To conclude, besides bringing about advantage such as global economic growth, create worldwide markets, cultural intermingling, and help to solve ecological problems, the above mentioned factors as drawbacks of the globalization process, together with the internal factors and issues inside the firms, build the combination of the preliminary conditions for the organizations to create it best adaptation into the competitive international market.
4. Globalization: changes in organizations as preparations and enhancements
The economic globalization is the process of increasing economic integration between countries, leading to the emergence of a global marketplace or a single world market (Riley, T., 2005). This chapter will mainly concern with the needs for adjustments inside the organizations as their preparations to adapt to the worldwide globalization. The above mentioned aspects are the preliminaries for them to be either successful or failed in their approaches to international business. It is necessary for organizations to realize that the level of competitiveness will be in higher level in the competition with the international rivals. It is the main reason for organizations to exploit the best of abilities of its employees, increase the productivity, the product price range, the related services, strategic decisions, the capital requirements, and even the adaptation to the local culture to broadcast the image of the products. Regarding necessary changes, each organization has its own existing issues to deal with in order to raise the level of competitiveness. However, the outcomes of the related changes in those aspects may vary, according to the level of realization of the factors and the internal resources of it. In fact, not all the organizations can solve all those issues in its adaptation. The identifications of those issues may be clearly defined by organizations, but depending on the capacities and business scales of the organizations, not all the business units can achieve success in its globalization process. The value of this research is to propose the necessary enactments to face and deal with those issues more effectively.
5. Necessities for essential enhancements of internal resources of the organization:
“The greatest challenge we face today is to ensure that globalization becomes a positive force for all the world 's people, instead of leaving billions of them behind in squalor. Inclusive globalization must be built on the great enabling force of the market, but market forces alone will not achieve it. It requires a broader effort to create a shared future, based upon our common humanity in all its diversity.” (Millenium Report, 2012).
According to Lines (2005) and Schalk et al (1998), those enhancements should be forms of planned change in an organization’s arrangement or systems and practices or purposeful introduction of new ways to think, act and operate in the organization so that it can prepare itself well for the new adaptation it no globalization. In the operation of the business organization, both domestically and internationally, there are the existing issues to hinder the efficiency of it. However, as the preliminary condition in globalization, those obstacles should be resolved so that the highest level of productivity and efficiency can be achieved.
5.1.1. Background for the transformation toward globalization:
The business phase in the world is becoming more and more challenging for organizations to operate inside, and there are the needs for higher competitiveness of each. Besides, higher level of competitiveness is almost compulsory for them (Lewin & Johnston, 2000). Challenges come as both internal and external factors for organizations to deal with. Without change, organizations can easily lose their competitiveness, (Yu, 2009; Mohanty & Yadav, 1996). Most of the challenges in the process of globalization appear as the requirements for employees’ abilities and skills, local restraints such as taxes or tariffs, the significance of international trade in organizations, employees’ realization and concepts toward globalization, sustainability practices, and the scale of capital possessed by the organization. Piderit (2000) stated that trying to adapt to these ever changing goals and competitive demands has always been a challenge for companies but currently this is very important. Besides, the culture of the organization and that of the local market should be in good balance, so that the image of the organization can be in good recognition by the local residents. According to Jones et al (2005), it is the inefficient practice to get right at the somewhat possible solutions and enactment to solve the hindering issues without considerable concern for the efficiency of those practices and their effects onto the performance of the organizations. This fact will be enlightened in the coming chapter to reveal the potential effects of the associated solutions to solve those negative remaining issues in the process of the organization to globalization.
5.1.2. Significances of enhancements inside the business operation as adaptation to globalization:
Globalization calls for adaptation from any organization to stay productive and competitive in the business world. It is the golden key for them to be liberated from limited competition, incomplete liberalization, incentives to go underground, and the local uneven law toward business units, which can hinder and freeze the expansion of business for a wider scale. Larger markets mean more opportunities, which are in turn, can encourage production and service growth, new companies and establishments as the obvious benefits of adaptation and reformation. This process can be defined as that the stronger the organizations are, the more beneficial the country can be. As Havlylyshin (2010) noted, the stronger economy which including a great deal of strength business units in globalization can improve the country’s fiscal position and higher level of confidence in financial situations. Furthermore, such friendly market in the economy may enhance savings, new investments, and further growth, as the most significant influence of globalization for both the business organizations and the national economy. As Lakstutiene, Breiteryte & Rumsaite, (2009) clearly stated, the process of globalization is inevitable. It can help create a great deal of advantages’ such as the prosperity of the economy, further development, and cultural diversity worldwide.
The positive aspect of the globalization process can be identified as that it can pose challenges for the basic aspects of political and economic systems, influence the national cultures, with the definite number of social and economic problems such as the social ageing, brain drain, poverty and inequality in economy and society (Croucher, 2004), and last but not least, there are high possibilities of corruptions in the development of economies, as noted by Kozluk (2006).
6. GAP:
In the recent decades, there have been numerous researches to investigate for the effects and impacts of globalization onto business firms and their perfroamce, both domestically and internationally (Al-Rodhan, R.F. Nayef and Gérard S., 2006; Albrow, Martin and Elizabeth. (eds.), 1990, Ritzer, George, 2011). The most significant of them are “Definitions of Globalization: A Comprehensive Overview and a Proposed Definition.” (Al-Rodhan, 2006), “Globalization: The Essentials”, (Ritzer, George, 2011), "Globalization: Threats or Opportunity.", (International Monetary Fund , 2000), “Grounding Globalization: The Prospects and Perils of Linking Economic Processes of Globalization to Environmental Outcomes", (Bridges, G., 2002). The above papers study the effects and impacts of the global changes in trends and business forms of corporations, together with the basic aspects of the globalization processes, which any company should experience before joining the world wide international trend, such as trade and transactions, capital and investment movements, migration and movement of people and the dissemination of knowledge (International Monetary Fund, 2000). Besides, the challenges such as climate, cross-boundary water and air pollution, and over-fishing of the ocean are linked with globalization (Bridges, G., 2002). The globalizing processes affect and are affected by business and work organization, economics, socio-cultural resources, and the environment. As the general rule, any company before become capable to engage into international operation, it should work to enhance and recover any incapable and defective aspect of the overall operation. Those aspects and be defined as the necessary changes, which should be both effective and productive in the business context of the company.
However, those papers have not revealed specific situations in which the detailed the company should enhance its international capacities for higher level of business operation. The globalization is just defined the complex process in which the company should be project for higher level of improvements and enhancements. The aim of this research paper will moistly concentrate on the internal side of the business organization to enlighten the internal situations in which investigations and changes of the company are necessary for its process to engage globalization. Supposed those enhancements can be fulfilled with high effectiveness of the company, the comparative advantages offered by international trade have become essential to remaining competitive.
7. Framework:
Generally, the literature review can help to build the conceptual model which can help to identify the necessary aspects which the company should consider when implement globalization in its operation internationally. According to Hitt, Michael A.; Laszlo Tihanyi, Toyah Miller, Brian L. Connelly, 2006), to survive in the new challenging international market, the company should source goods, services, labor and materials overseas to continuously upgrade their products and technology in order to survive increased competition, due to the absolute higher level of requirements from both the international customers and the completion from numerous rivals. In the narrow scope of this research paper, the progress of globalization of each company would be placed under the relationship between the business environment, the internal and external factors to affect the organization in its transformation into intentional operation with highest level of efficiency and productivity expected.

8. Conclusion:
It can be clearly noted that the process of globalization can create increasing integration of national economies and society, through specific processes such as international trade and capital flows, creation and labor forces, transferring of culture and technology, and the transformations of organization as their adaptation. Borrowed the effects and influences of all the factors and evidences above, we can conclude that the process of globalization is inevitable, and the transformation of organizations toward such process is compulsory to participate and stay productive and competitive. The above listed internal problems and issues in the business operation are just the most common ones for those business units to enhance themselves, and there are still lots of factors to face and handle in their forms of transformation as adaptation. In the scale of effectiveness of this research, in the next chapter we will attempt to analyze and identify the most potential issues for organizations to cope with, while essential suggestions will be associated in the frame of globalization for organizations to internationalize themselves.
CHAPTER THREE – REVIEW AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE GIVEN NECESITIES OF CHANGES FOR GLOBALIZATION
1. Introduction:

Globalization here will mainly concern with major increases in worldwide trade and exchanges in an increasingly integrated, open, and cross-border international economy. It can be considered as a phenomenon, a philosophy and a process which affect human beings as profoundly as any previous even (M. Khan, 2003). There has been significant growth in such exchanges and trade, both in traditional international trade in goods and services, and in exchanges of currencies, technology transfer, capital transformations, in people movements and in international transactions of information and ideas. A possible measure of globalization is the volume of international financial transactions, with over $1.3 trillion flowing through New York currency markets every day, and with the amount of daily international stock market transactions exceeding this enormous amount.
Globalization has created greater openness situations in the worldwide economy, an integration of markets on a worldwide basis, and a movement toward cross-border activities, all of them have led to increases in global changes. In the last several decades there are numerous sources of globalization. Technological innovations which have remarkably decreased the costs of communication, transportation and significantly lowered the costs of data processing and information storage and retrieval comprise one such resource.
Another source of globalization is trade liberalization and other forms of liberalization that have led to decreases in trade protections and to a more liberal world trading systems. Several aspects of liberalization have led to increases in the movements of capital and other factors of production. Many economists have suggested that “globalization is little more than a return to the world economy of the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century”. At that time, borders were very open and there were stable international capital flows and migrations of people when the major nations of Europe depended crucially on international trade as parts of the colonial system.
A third source of globalization contains of changes in institutions, where organizations have wider reaches to technological changes and to the more wide-ranging locations of their leaders, empowered by advances in communication methods. Thus, corporations that were mainly focused on domestic markets have extended their ranges in terms of markets and production facilities to a national, multinational, international or even global scale. These changes in industrial structure have led to increases in the productivity, power, and profits of those organizations that can choose among many nations for their sources of materials, production facilities and markets, quickly adjusting to changing market conditions. Virtually every large national or international enterprise has such a structure or relies on subsidiaries or strategic alliances to obtain a comparable level of influence and flexibility.
A fourth reason for globalization has been the international agreements on ideology, with a convergence of beliefs in the value of a market economy and a free trading system. This process began with the political and economic changes in China’s 1978 reforms and then involved a “falling dominoes” series of revolutions in Eastern and Central Europe in 1989 that ended with the separation of the Soviet Union in December 1991. This process led to a convergence of ideology, with the former division between market economies in the West and socialist economies in the East having been replaced by a near-universal reliance on the market system. Such convergence of beliefs in the value of a market economy has led to a world that is no longer divided into market-oriented and socialist economies, the two main sides of the world. A major enactment of this belief is the struggle of the former socialist leader to make a transition into an open economy.
A fifth reason for globalization contains of cultural developments, with a move to a globalized and homogenized media, the arts, popular culture and with the widespread use of the English language for international communication. Partly as a result of these cultural developments, some, especially the French and some other continental Europeans, see globalization as an attempt at U.S. cultural as well as economic and political hegemony. In effect, they see globalization as a new form of imperialism or as a new stage of capitalism in the age of innovation. Some have even interpreted globalization as a new form of colonialism, seeing the U.S. as the new metropole power while most countries, the rest of the world as its subsidiaries. In this view, the rest of the world supplies the U.S. not only with raw materials and markets on a global basis, as in earlier forms of European colonialization, but also with technology, , labor production facilities, capital, and other inputs to the manufacturing process.
2. Introduction to research areas:
No matter how globalization is viewed as a negative or as a positive development, it must be understood that it has remarkably adjusted the world system and that it poses opportunities, difficulties and even challenges. It is also clear that the technological, institutional, policy, and cultural developments that have led to globalization are still very active. The main concern of this section are the introduction of six articles from various scholars who have propose researches for the impacts of globalization onto the domestic economy of each country, when facing the great opportunities of globalization conducted by Eddy Lee and Marco Vivarelli (2006); in the second article, Mojmir Mrak (2000), made an overview of the trends, challenges and opportunities for particular countries in transition, from the ordinary operation of business into the new international trades, with the associated hardships and possible solutions; the third article will mainly concern with the benefits and disadvantages of globalization, from the viewpoint of the manufacturers (Adriana M. and Teodora R., 2013); the main concerns of the fourth articles are the potential costs of globalization process and the possibilities of conflicts to arise in business contexts, as researched by Michael D. Intriligator (January 2003); Globalization, Structural changes and the productivity growth are the main points in the fifth research conducted by Margaret McMillan and Dani Rodrik (2009). In this article, there will be full context of the possibilities of changes for business organization to take, especially when facing the requirements and opportunities to achieve from globalization; finally, there will be issues in international and some forms of regional trades proposed and investigate insight by Marc Machetta and Zdenek Drabek (April 2012).
Based on the given facts introduced in the literature review of Chapter Two, we can realize that the possibilities of shifting the business operation into globalization has become the international trend in the world, as the key for any business to expand the market and stay competitive in this changing business context. However, such large scale and complicated business transformation will require much more in real application than literature. Each aspect of the given six articles will investigate insight each possibility of the economy into such international trend. The combination of the given facts in those articles can help us have an overview of the worldwide requirements for organization to take in globalization. Firstly, according to Eddy Lee and Marco Vivarelli (2006), there would be numerous impacts from the globalization onto the domestic economy in general, not only the business context of the particular organization. The number of impacts and their effects may vary, due to the conditions and regional external factors to contribution to the scale of impacts. Secondly, Mojmir Mrak will mainly concern with the trends, opportunities, and challenges which the organization should face and attempt to deal with, since there are a number of requirements for organizations to adapt to. Transitions are necessary, but depend on the capacities of each organization; there may be variances in the required factors to be taken. Thirdly, Adriana M. and Teodora R. (2013) has proposed the two positive and negative aspects of globalization, as given the advantages and disadvantages onto the performance of business before, in, and after the successfully (assumption) of globalization. Again, the scale and expansions of the above advantages and disadvantages onto the business still vary situational, as differences in various organizations. As for the fourth article of Michael D. Intriligator (2003), it will conducted analysis into the potentialities of related costs and conflicts inside the performance of business, as they are the mainly important factors to be considered in the preliminary approach to evaluate the possibilities of implementing globalization in the application of business of organization. Structural changes in needs and the productivity growth of organizations are the main points to be produced in the fifth article, from viewpoints of Margaret McMillan and Dani Rodrik (2009). As structural changes are essentially important in the real application of business. Lastly, the sixth article, conducted by Marc Machetta and Zdenek Drabek, the global trades with the internal and external factors to affect those activities are in the main concern for organizations.
3. Outcomes an arguments from the related articles:
In this section of the paper, we will go over the main arguments proposed by the above authors of the six articles to clearly define their viewpoints and the approached to globalization, the common concern of this paper. The general aim of the project conducted by Eddy Lee and Marco Vivarelli (2006) is to fill a gap in understanding - both theoretical and empirical – the impact of globalization. Secondly, Mojmir Mrak (2000) will enlighten us with the trends, challenges and opportunities for countries in transitions before implementing globalization. As he clearly stated in his paper, the economic actors from the regional to international markets are essential in any transition phase of the business units. On other words, they carry the main routes of globalization in operation of the business unit, from another viewpoint. Continuously, Adriana M. and Teodora R. (2013) also stated that the process of economic globalization is both a resultant of the increasing activity of multinational companies and a cause of their increasingly stronger internationally affirmation. While, from the viewpoint of Margaret McMillan and Dani Rodrik (2009), one of the earliest and most central insights of the literature on economic development is that development entails structural change. articl In the article of Michael D. Intriligator (2003), the related costs and conflicts inside the progress of globalization of the organization will be in sight for further discussions and the suggestions for improvements. Finally, from given information of the article conducted by Marc Machetta and Zdenek Drabek, the particular aspect of WTO accession - the effects of WTO accession on policy-making and institutional reforms in transition countries. Our research paper will be combination of all those aspects of the necessities for changes and transformations of the business organization for adaptation to globalization.
4. Methodology and Data collection:
As stated by Saunders et al (2007), such tasks as reaching methods and data collection methods are the ones referred to as the procedures to acquire and examine the given data, such as observations, surveys, interviews, etc. in association with qualitative and quantitative, or even combined methods. Methodology notion will mainly refer to the methods used by the author to gather and evaluate the data in particular projects (Horn, 2009; and Saunders et al, 2007). The detailed demonstration s of the above mentioned methods will be discussed in the latter section of this paper.
4.1. Research Paradigm:
The most obvious fact to be in sight here is that each of the authors of the six articles has used a particular type of paradigm. The meaning of this motion is as stated by Burrell and Morgan (1979), it is the conceptual structure on how the author introduce his viewpoint and make good senses of the given facts. There are 3 elements to be adopt to such notion, such as the epistemology, ontology and methodology (Cassell and Symon (2007). According to Horn (2009), epistemology bears the meaning that the researcher will apply his hypothesis of knowing and the structure of knowledge, in comparison with ontology, it is the assumption that the reality will much like how the world is being separated and the viewpoints (Saunders et al, 2007). Furthermore, epistemology can be separated into positivism and realism, for more profound insights (Elias (2009), Rashid et al, (2004) and Avey et al (2008)). As for ontology, it includes the two notion, objectivism and subjectivism, according to Healy & Perry, 2000. The main difference between the qualitative and quantitative data is that the qualitative is more objective than qualitative, which is more subjective to be researched (Amaturuga et al, 2002). From the aboe given articles in this paper, the researched by Eddy Lee and Marco Vivarelli (2006), Mojmir Mrak (2000) and Adriana M. and Teodora R. (2013) are more objective than that of McMillan and Dani Rodrik (2009), Michael D. Intriligator (2003), and Marc Machetta and Zdenek Drabek. The later section of this paper will get more insights for us regarding those approaches applied by those authors.

4.2. Research Design:
According to Yin (2003), research design will mainly concern with using combined data collection methods and offering guidelines to help directing the particular projects. Therefore, research design will possibly come into two main forms, qualitative and quantitative. Amaratunga et al (2002) clearly stated that qualitative will mainly focus on expressions while quantitative ill test the hypotheses, using statistical research statistical research. Triangulation, which is the combination of the two methods, can be also used. Inductive approach is the one whose investigation and analysis will lead to build the related theory, while the deductive one will do it on the contrary way from posing a theory. From this point on, the data collection method of each author will be detailed in associated discussions.

Figure 1.1. Qualitative versus Quantitative researches
4.3. Data Collecting Methods:

Going through all the given articles in the previous sections, we can realize that the ones of Eddy Lee and Marco Vivarelli (2006), Mojmir Mrak (2000) and Adriana M. and Teodora R. (2013) all used the quantitative methods of collecting data. There are a combination of methods to gain information from the situational market for the potential effects onto the globalization process of the targeted company, from conducting surveys, interviews, exploit formal and governmental reports, and even review of the historical figures for better view of the current situation. Each of the above mentioned methods have its effectiveness and variances, but the combination of them can offer us with more accurate results for further judgments.

On the contrary, the researchers conducted by McMillan and Dani Rodrik (2009), Michael D. Intriligator (2003), and Marc Machetta and Zdenek Drabek applied the qualitative methods for collecting data. There are totally different methods to be used to gain the negative and positive aspects of the effects of globalization process onto the business organizations, even in domestic companies. Here the main materials will be the historical documents in the same business field with the potential futures and negative reflections, together with the level lf successes the business plans can achieve through its operational period.
4.4. Validity and Reliability of the studies:
According to Riley et al (2000). , the notion of reliability and validity will mainly concern with the evaluations of the various concepts used in building the relevance of the theory. In the researches of Eddy Lee and Marco Vivarelli (2006), Mojmir Mrak (2000) and Adriana M. and Teodora R. (2013), the final result is the combination of many previous reliable government reports and researches, which have proved their reliability over time. Since, under the light of the recent time applied the above mentioned researches, there are not too high level of variance in the validity and reliability of the judgment got from their researches. The level of validity to b achieved from their researches is able to reach an acceptable level. Besides, there are the applications of triangulation, which can help to enhance the common validity of the above researches, and remove the potentialities of further variances from biased actions of the items, and the final reliability of the result is even more than acceptable.
In cases of the researches carried out by McMillan and Dani Rodrik (2009), Michael D. Intriligator (2003), and Marc Machetta and Zdenek Drabek, the data gained from the sources are as descriptive s possible, so that their calculations are potential to gain the higher level of validity and reliability then that of the above authors. Far beyond the application of this research paper, their applications can remain valid through the test of time for other different situations in the same applicable time.
4.5. Ethical Considerations:
All the above mentioned researches have been carried out by legal and ethical acts by the authors, with the relevant information from the previous reports and researches exploited with the consent of the authors. In all the researchers conducted by the above authors, it is important to determine that all their work are based on the public documents, with all the legislative aspects considered. Besides, all the requirements needed have been fulfilled well so that there would be no further discontent on the establishments of those researches. For any private information to be used, those authors have relative negotiations and obtained entitled rights to use their information for scientific goals and issues for public uses. Any approvals needed has been achieved and saved for further uses in cases of conflicts in rights and legal cases.
4.6. Future Research / Limitations & Implications of Research in Articles
The limitations of the researches of McMillan and Dani Rodrik (2009) and Michael D. Intriligator (2003) were that all the needed information was gather and analyzed from the reliable sources once, and can only be used once in this research. Any further application of the key results found in this paper would not be total relevant for other business forms. Recommendations from the authors are that in cases of the other researches, the information should be reevaluated before applying into the research and recalculated the variables for more accuracy. Besides, the number of business firms used to gain information for the figures and facts in the research paper is quite narrow, which may potentially limit the scale of application of the research. Finally, as for the researches of Marc Machetta and Zdenek Drabek, those figures, facts and situations in the research are in the highly flexible business environment, which may pose variances to the judgments mentioned in the above suggestions. Besides, as the world changes, the business environment at any location and any time may changes to wider scale than escalated in the research. Thus, to be applicable for the other situations in business world, it is compulsory that the users should clearly defined the environment in which the business case of the firm is bound, and how those external impacts from the environment can vary from that of the currently used in the research.
4.7. Recommendations and Conclusions drawn from the Articles:
Marc Machetta and Zdenek Drabek (2009) suggested that the effects of the outside environment can have significant effects on the progress to change to the new requirements of the international business. Thus, by the same business scale and capacities, the differences may exist within the progresses of the selected companies. On the same level of application, with the same effects, the internal resources of each company will also enhance or enforce the progress of changes to adapt to the requirements of business of firms. Moreover, McMillan and Dani Rodrik (2009) also stated that the cultures of the locales which the organizations operate their business would pose significant effects onto the operation of its business, with the relevant realization of the customers toward. One more important factor to consider is that red-tape, which can hinder the progress to operate internationally of each firm. Thus, good and right orientation toward the local governments can help the organizations to remove such documental risks. `

4.8. Conclusion:
The objectives of this section are to identify, analyze and draw conclusion from the given factors and facts of the six above mentioned articles. Each part of this section is a separated segment of the given investigation insight of the business changes or globalization for business organization to determine and adapt to the new changing business world. As mentioned before, such transformation into the international organization within the framework of globalization can have a great deal of requirements for organizations to generate the answer for the question: “are changes are relevant for organizations toward globalization?”.
CHAPTER 4 – DISCUSSIONS AND ANALYSIS ON THE FINDINGS IN LITERATURE

1. Introduction:
According to Pricop and Tanţău (2003), globalization and competitiveness are complementary. This clear notion ha the meaning that in such international trend, the organization should do all the possible ways to stay competitive agonist the competition of both the domestic and international rivals. In such context, globalization is the best way. However, from literature to real practice should have a gap, which include the disadvantages and limitations’ of the organization. Thus, the process to implement globalization in business operation of each organization depends much on its internal factors such as the capacities, productivity, flexibility of the intellectual property, the will to adapt changes, and even the capital to run the business. Besides, there are also the external factors to affect globalization progress of them. From the given findings in the above chapter, in this section of the research, we will propose further discussions of the current global business context, the challenges an organization may face in its progress to globalized the business operation, and related suggestions for further improvements.

2. Discussion:
The main aim of this study is to investigate the associated factors which can affect the processes of organizations to consider its progress to become globalized in this increasingly challenging business world. Actually, it will require a long, gradual and systematic time to take necessary steps before all the necessary transformations, both internal and external, of the organizations can be completed. However, as we have mentioned above, this costly and complicated progress should be under great consideration and implemented by organizations if they want to maintain and enhance their competitiveness in the international trading world.
From all the facts mentioned above and the narrow scale of this research, we can judge that the role of globalization is becoming more and more important for business firms to implement. However, viewing the great outcomes of this global change, the organizations should also review the advantages and disadvantages of this global progress.
The last two sections have highlighted both the benefits and the costs generated from globalization. Some audiences could see globalization as a very dangerous negative development by focusing on the costs and the potentialities for conflict in its operation. Others, on the other hand, it could be seen as a positive development, offering unprecedented opportunities for operation in global basis. Both of these views contain components of truth, but each should be placed in the scenario of the other in order to gain a full understanding of the impacts of globalization to ach nation and in international basis. There are twin myths here, from the optimistic side that globalization leads to only positive outcomes and from the pessimistic one that globalization leads only to negative outcomes. Any objective treatment or net assessment, however, would have to consider both the benefit and cost aspects of globalization.
Thus, what is the net outcome of globalization, when taking both benefits and costs into account? The answer depends crucially on the nature of the world system. In a world beset by conflicts, globalization would probably have a net negative impact.
Contrarily, in a cooperative world, globalization should probably have a net positive impact. Thus, globalization represents a major challenge and at the same times an unprecedented opportunity in terms of the possibilities for conflict or cooperation. The third of the problems identified above as generated from globalization was that of the perceived loss of sovereignty of national governments and political leaders.
This development could lead to fear of the down turn of ability of nations to determine the related economic policies, political disaffection, and the rise of extremist politicians and political movements. The process of globalization, however, need not lead to a loss of sovereignty. Once again, international cooperation can play a role in ensuring the sovereignty of national governments and the proper role for political leaders, drawing a firm line between what is in the province of these governments and their leaders on the one side and what is in the province of international organizations and multinational or global enterprise on the other.

Overall, there are several possible vehicles for cooperation as a way of responding to the challenges of globalization. One is the strengthening of existing international institutions. Another is the establishment of new institutions, as in the case of the World Trade Organization, which has a binding dispute settlement mechanism of a supranational character. A third is the establishment of larger entities, such as the European Union, or loose combinations of nations to treat certain economic issues, such as the G-8 or the Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).
Global cooperation through formal or informal institutions provides an increasingly important mechanism to ensure the proper treatment of global problems, including those stemming from globalization. Through such global cooperation it should be possible to ensure equity and stability in a globalized world, leading to economic growth for all, the transition to a market economy for former socialist states, and economic development for the poorer nations. Such cooperation is also the way to treat the noneconomic problems of globalization, including those of environmental and health protection on a worldwide basis, freedom from political crises or instability, and global peace and security for the planet. The challenge will be to develop new modes of cooperation and new institutions to deal with the challenges of globalization.
1.1. The first positive impact of the globalization process is the more efficient international markets for organization to participate and operate their business. Those markets are the valuable factors that business organizations have been searching for. In such efficient markets in international trade, there will be always constant balance between the buyers who are willing to pay for goods and services and the sellers for supplying those goods and services. Through globalization, organizations can enhance their competitiveness and competences in business. For instance product price can be improved much through international trades. Outsourcing some parts of the business operation or conducting trades with the overseas suppliers can help businesses to gain better product prices to meet market demands and affordability. Besides product prices, business firms can also make additional profits and relocate the excess profits into increasing wages, taking more investments or building more expansion projects.
1.2. The second positive aspect of globalization for business organizations to consider is the increased competition in international common markets. This can be considered as a ethical execution of organizations, since with the increasing numbers of suppliers into the same business rifled, there will be situations that they should increase the product quality, enhanced the competitiveness of product prices to suit market demands, then new standards on market place can be set up. The main key for organizations to stay competitive in such challenging position is to conduct continuous improvements so that their development can build the foundation for future operation.
1.3. More stabilized security in economy can help organizations to secure themselves in the economy. In business, there would be situations that the operation of the business would large depend on the performance of the domestic or another oversea country or market. Then any change or fluctuation of those backgrounds may pose various negative effects onto the performance of this organization. However with the international trend to conduct cross-border trades among countries, this threat can be removed. The level of security in the business world can be enhanced, while associate with the potential risks of violence and conflicts.
Conclusion 1:
Participating into the international market in globalization, free trades and free trades zones are the essential factors for the potential success of any firm (Bhagwati, Jagdish N.; Panagariya, Arvind, 1996). This common large market can help any organization to reach any demand of the market, supposed that it can match the necessary requirements of the customers. Although there are also the associated threats and competitiveness in such market, the outcomes are worth trying to improve, enhance, and build critical preparations for themselves to join the international trend of globalization. The common international market is now widely open for any capable business sector to participate, supposed that there are requirements met and satisfied.
Conclusion 2:
The high costs and requirements of globalization will require the origination to evaluate itself before taking any further process for international trades. The potentiality of this international market will also be implemented if the organization has built its sound preparing with good exploiting of the internal resources such as the technology, labor forces, and effective management. Beside, conflicts may always arise, as the internal threats of instability inside the operation of the organization. The decision to implement globalization and the spot of time to implement this process will depend much on the assessment of the organization of the balance between the benefits and risks in their complicated combination.
Conclusion 3:
According to Ingham, Barbara, (2004), the balance between trade advantages and disadvantages in the particular market can judge if it can withstand the competition of the other rivals. In globalization, the notion of competitive advantages can be extent to the range that there can be mutual or exchangeable relations among parties from different countries. In the globalized business environment, companies should realize that the comparative advantages gained from international trades can become essential to stay competitive against attacks of the other rivals (Richard Jones, 1961). They can make options to built strategic alliances or some kinds of cooperation so that the advantages of each can be exploit to highest level for more productivity, while such cooperation can help reduce the disadvantages or risks in the business operation of both.
2. Conclusion:
Enlightened by the finds in this research paper, there are various interesting challenges faced by the organizations in their international trend to participate into globalization. There is long and systematic progress for them to take actions and seize their part of the common large cross-border markets. Competitiveness and sound background of the business are valuable, but the main key is that the organization can evaluate its strength, weaknesses and the associated improvements to implement so that it can adapt to higher requirements of the markets in international trade.
Those finds also suggested that the company should investigate and acknowledge its internal sources, with the necessary steps to take to enhance and improve them as the initiative preparation for its process to globalization. Besides, the competences of originations can be enhanced through the mutual exchanges between firms, so that they the current advantages of each can be exploited to the highest level of efficiency.
Finally, globalization, as well as any other systematic approach to changes industry structure, also has its drawbacks and disadvantages. The initiative step to evaluate those factors is also very valuable for the organization to decide if it has enough capacities and potentiality to deal with those drawbacks, in balance with the internal advantages it has. The outcomes are essential since they can demonstrate the abilities of the organization to withstand the changes and fluctuations of the international markets, in form of threats and risks.
3. Limitations and expansions:
The limitation of this research lies on the fact that it only investigate the identifiable and stable factors, both internal and external, to affect the progress to implement globalization of the organization. However, the scale and effects of those factors are different from different organizations, and on various business contexts, their values also vary. Besides, the scenario of international business transactions changes with time, then the later application of this research paper may not in proper effects and needs to be re-evaluated. Such application should be associated with re-evaluation or additional contextual facts and figures to remain effective.
4. Suggestions for further researches:
The suggestions here are for the further research for the effects of each change in the given category which the organizations can implement to achieve globalization in its international performance. Besides, there are also needs to enhance programs to improve the quality of the labor forces for the organizations, so that their performance can meet the international requirements. More importantly, the performance of the organization after adopting globalization into its operation should also be screen to assess the effects of the above implementations.
The scale of this research is just limited in the market and managerial aspects of the operation of the business. To have a broader overview of the effect so of globalization onto the real performance of business, there are the needs for the detailed statistical and financial figures to propose accurate and detailed evaluations for the given aspect.
CHAPTER FIVE - SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION AROUND THE REVIEW OF LITERATURE

1. Summary:
In real application of business models into international markets, far beyond literature, the future performance of business units can only be estimated; cannot possibly in accurate evaluation or calculation. It is best that each business unit should realize that to the greatest or least extent, each minor sector in the international business is under effects of globalization. Globalization, to the simplest definition, is the increasingly continuous proves which generates numerous impacts onto the development of each business unit, in particular, and the whole business world, in general term. The most common factors of this worldwide process are the continuous progresses to connect technologies from various systems, and the decreases in investments and trade barriers from many countries. Those positive factors can help to change the dimension of society, including the technology, culture and social, political, legal and the economics of each nation. However, as the general rules, those above mentioned benefits can also be achieved in presumptions that the business firms can adapt themselves into such international trend by their best preparation, in terms of exploiting the best internal resources and flexibilities to deal with challenges and difficulties from the external environment. Besides, the extent to which the business can implement globalization is also very important to define the participation of it into international trades.
Still, there are a number of questions for a particular organization to propose and answer before taking implementation of globalization onto the overall operation of it.
a) The relevance of transformation of business structure toward globalization. This should be the first matter to be taken into concern as preliminary for the globalization process of the organization. The answer for this matter can be the foundation for the extent of globalization which the organization can apply onto its business structure. Depending on the business context, formations, structure and capacities, such researched information from various organizations may vary.
b) The extent of globalization which the organization can implement for the highest level of efficiency. Due to the high requirements of this international trend, not all the organizations can fully apply its aspects onto the business. It is the critical role of the management to judge the level of globalization to apply onto its business scale.
c) Potentialities, advantages and disadvantages of the business unit against such international transformation. The level of success after implementing globalization onto business can depend much on those factors, in association with the best combination of them as the background for the business firm to base on in its transformation.
d) Necessities for assessments and evaluations of the external effects of factors such as the political, social, cultural and regional factors onto the business with its performance. They can also have significant impacts on the performance of business unit, no matter how well it can exploit and improve its properties and capacities. The results of those evaluations can even limit the extent of globalization that the business firm can take.
e) Self-evaluations of the current resources of the organization, which can identify the necessary improvements to be achieved toward global objectives in its operation. Globalization can be defined as the long, complicated process through various steps, and the number of steps to be implemented depends on such evaluations and orientations of the organization. The more effective it can identify the necessary steps to be completed, the more efficiency it can gain for its global business activities.
f) Potentialities of high level of competition and the availabilities of strategic alliances to join. Joining such “flat world”, each organization has the same position in the market, and the competitiveness of each would be determined by the capacities of each. Remaining competitive in the international market and continuous improvements will come into greater concern. Besides, there should be strategic alliances for those organizations to join, so that they can share the common values for the mutual and cooperative benefits. In such strategic alliances, they can share the common distribution channels, project funding, knowledge, expertise, intellectual property and products. The alliance is cooperation or collaboration which aims for a synergy where each partner hopes that the benefits from the alliance will be greater than those from individual efforts. The alliance often involves technology transfer (access to knowledge and expertise), economic specialization, shared expenses and shared risk (David C. Mowery, Joanne E. Oxley, Brian S. Silverman, 1996).
2. Conclusion:
In conclusion, it is the golden key for any business organization to implement globalization into its operation so that larger market accesses can be achieved. There are also the associated challenges and difficulties, but the positive outcomes of this international integration are worth attempting. However, there are many factors to be considered before success in the progress to implement globalization come. Firstly, the organization should estimate and evaluate the possibilities and potentialities of its own implementation, the scale and extent which are suitable for its structure. Such preliminary information can help building the sound foundation for the later implementation of globalization. Secondly, all the internal aspects of its business formation should be evaluated for the fit or unfit of necessary steps of globalization. Based on the results, the globalization progress of the organization can be structured and orientated so that highest level of expected achievements can be obtained. Thirdly, all the drawbacks onto the business of organization should also b screened so that all the related threats and risks can be forecasted, evaluated and associated with effective solutions. The stability of globalization progress of the organization will depend much on this step. Finally, the organization should also consider the potentialities of negative external factors of the oversea markets, especially to which the organization has no prior experience. There may come many kinds of hindering factors served as barriers, such as political, social, cultural, economic, regional, relational, and even the demographical factors to impair the performance at locally.
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