It would be fair to say Sasha Kramer has a potty mouth. Almost since arriving in Haiti over ten years ago,…
Tess Zoe Miller is an outgoing, nice, sporty, curious ten-year-old girl. Tess lives with her mother Linda, and her older brother Finn who is sixteen years old, in Omaha, Nebraska. She also has a pet dog named Oscar. Tess loves to wear her long brown, wavy hair, up in a messy bun. She is tall for her age which helps her in basketball. She is the top scorer on her basketball team, and the best defensive player on her soccer team. Tess has many friends, and everyone wants to be friends with her.…
Cerrutti, D.T.,Staddon, J.E.R. Operant Conditioning. Annual Rev. Psychol.2003-This article examines the reversible aspects of behavior.…
A lot of human behavior patterns are based on genetics, including the human nervous system and brain, hormonal systems, neurology, and genetics. Andrea was diagnosed with depression and also took medication. She overdosed at her parent’s house in June 1999. Doctors told her she shouldn’t have anymore children because they saw the path she could be going down. They thought having more children would bring more stress and increase her depression and her trying to commit suicide. Despite what the doctor’s recommendation she had 5 children. She took care of her father as well who suffered from Alzheimer’s and “was completely out of it said Jutta Kennedy. Her mother also said how her father always doted on Andrea, she was his baby. When she was taken off her medication she killed her children the next day.…
From the time she was Hannah Montana to when the world saw her swinging naked on a wrecking ball, she has given the media countless field days. Her stunts for attention have been called offensive and problematic.…
Classical conditioning: Showing a child a scary television show, making them afraid and starts to cry. After a while the child will began to cry before you turn on the tv, just the sight of the television will scare the child.…
When a person thinks about confronting death, he or she thinks about how or when it will happen. Many people envision the actions the actions they believe they would take, but until faced with that fatal situation, no one can be certain of the behavior or the measures he or she will take. When faced with death, many prominent psychologists believe there are five stages a person endures. The stages experienced are denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance (Gould). These stages are tools that allow us to identify what we may be feeling. Not everyone experiences all of these stages or in sequence.…
Jess’s story is an example of operant conditioning, because most of his behaviors are voluntary. Jess had already learned how to get candies and other sweets from his dad at the grocery. This is also an example of positive reinforcement, because Jess is getting something he loves when he misbehaves and throws tantrums, which eventually increases Jess 's negative behavior in the future. Bill 's behavior can be defined as negative reinforcement, since he is giving donuts to Jess in order to get his shopping done without his son throwing tantrums. If Bill doesn 't stop dealing with Jess 's behaviors, he will not be able to control his son in the future and the problems will only increase in the future.…
Operant conditioning - When an infant is hungry it is in an uncomfortable state. Relieving the uncomfortable state will make the infant more comfortable, and so anything it does to make itself more comfortable will be learned through negative reinforcement. A hungry baby will cry because it is distressed. Feeding the baby makes it more comfortable and so crying is learned through negative reinforcement. Over time the pleasure of being made comfortable by being fed becomes associated with the primary caregiver. The baby has now learned to cry to get the primary caregiver’s attention, and it feels pleasure when the primary caregiver is present. Attachment has now been learned.…
Operant conditioning is one part of the learning theory to describe attachments. This states that attachments are formed through positive and negative reinforcements. An example of positive reinforcement is when a baby dries and then receives attention and comfort from the parent. Negative reinforcement happens when the parent ignores the baby crying, and then pays attention to the baby when it stops crying. Through this the reinforcement rewards the baby and helps to make the parent happy. The baby learns to form an attachment with the fact that it is rewarding them.…
Unlike classical conditioning, operant conditioning is voluntary. There are four types of operant conditioning: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, time-out, and punishment. To become a balanced individual, it is important that we do not let any of our personality traits become skewed too far to one side. For example, my strongest personality trait in thinking, which is at thirty-eight percent. I could use operant conditioning to make myself more balanced between thinking and feeling. Using positive reinforcement, I could try to become more compassionate towards others, which would be my initial response, or R. The initial response would lead to the positive response of making others feel good, which would be the unconditioned stimulus. My unconditioned response would be to continue being more compassionate towards others because it makes them feel good. An example of negative reinforcement would be to start with my initial response, or R, as thinking less analytically. This would lead to a decrease in stress from always thinking analytically, which is my unconditioned stimulus. The decrease in stress would lead me to increase my less analytical thinking, which would be my unconditioned response. An example of time-out would start with the initial response, or R, of being tough-minded. This tough-mindedness would lead to the negative response of losing friends, which is the unconditioned stimulus. My loss of friends would lead to a decrease in my tough-minded behavior, which is the unconditioned response. The last type of operant conditioning is punishment. An example of using punishment to become more balanced would be to start with in initial response, or R, as only thinking reasonably and having no compassion when a friend tells me a problem they are having. This would result in the unconditioned stimulus of my friend yelling at me. My unconditioned response to this situation would be to decrease my…
According to operant conditioning food satisfies hunger and makes a baby feel comfortable again (drive reduction). Food is therefore a primary reinforcer. His mother is associated with food and became a secondary reinforcer. Baby becomes attached to his mother because she is a source of reward.…
Aversive Conditioning is the use of unpleasant stimuli to induce behavior. It means, for example, causing pain to the subject each time he or she shows a behavior that is to be eradicated (Castro 2004). This distinction may also be applied to lower level learning, such as occurred with Pavlov’s dogs or pigeons in the Skinner box. A dog that salivates when hearing a bell is demonstrating a declarative knowledge, he knows that after the bell comes the food. A pigeon pressing a lever to get food is effectively applying procedural knowledge, it learned how to obtain food. The most important experimental result from the laboratory study of learning is that, for all kinds of learning, the process is more efficient when learning is accomplished in repeated sessions of short duration than in few sessions of long duration. Aversive procedures are used most commonly in the areas of developmental disabilities and to deal with disorders of sexual arousal such as pedophilia and exhibitionism (Repp & Singh 1990).…
It is a nice spring day. A father takes his baby out for a walk. The baby reaches over to touch a pink flower and is badly stung by the bumblebee sitting on the petals. The next day, the baby 's mother brings home some pink flowers. She removes a flower from the arrangement and takes it over for her baby to smell. The baby cries loudly as soon as she sees the pink flower. The baby 's panic at the sight of the pink flower illustrates the learning process of classical conditioning. "Classical conditioning is when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity to elicit a similar response (Santrock, p.147)."…
“Operant conditioning is a theory of learning that generally follows “Thorndyke’s Law of Effect”. This law states that behaviors that are positively reinforced will become more likely to occur and behaviors that are negatively reinforced will become less likely to occur.” (Johnson, D. 1999). Skinner referred to operant conditioning as being the way animals learn. In general there are four things that change behaviors: positive reinforcement, negative punishment, positive punishment and negative reinforcement.…