Necro11B69
: Describe the three stages of behaviorism. What was operationism and how did it influence the neobehaviorists of the 1920s and 1930s?
A: Watson’s behaviorism was the first stage in the evolution of the behavioral school of thought. The second stage was neobehaviorism (1930-1960), the neobehaviorists of this era believed that (a) the core of psychology was the study of learning, (b) that most behaviors can be accounted for by the laws of conditioning, and that (c) psychology must adopt the principle of operationism.
A: Operationism is when a physical concept can be defined in precise terms relating to the set of operations or procedures by which it is determined. During the 1920s and 1930s physicists accepted operationism as a doctrine, many psychologists were compelled to follow this role model and started using operationism more than did physicists. Finally psychologists began to incorporate operationism in their approach to psychology.
Q: What are intervening variables? Give an example.
A: Intervening variables are the unobserved and inferred factors within the organism that are the actual determinant of the behavioral response to a given stimulus situation. For example, hunger cannot actually be seen but it can precisely and objectively relate to an experimental variable such as the speed with which it was eaten.
Q: What role did the spirit of mechanism play in Hull’s approach to behaviorism?
A: The spirit of mechanism made Hull think, that behaviorists should refer to their patients as machines, he also argued that machines would one day think and display other human cognitive functions.
Q: Define Hull’s concepts of primary and secondary drives.
A: Primary drives are associated with innate biological need states and are crucial for an organism survival. Primary drives include food, water, air, temperature regulation. Defecation, urination, sleep, activity, sexual intercourse, and pain relief. Secondary drives are situations or an
A: Watson’s behaviorism was the first stage in the evolution of the behavioral school of thought. The second stage was neobehaviorism (1930-1960), the neobehaviorists of this era believed that (a) the core of psychology was the study of learning, (b) that most behaviors can be accounted for by the laws of conditioning, and that (c) psychology must adopt the principle of operationism.
A: Operationism is when a physical concept can be defined in precise terms relating to the set of operations or procedures by which it is determined. During the 1920s and 1930s physicists accepted operationism as a doctrine, many psychologists were compelled to follow this role model and started using operationism more than did physicists. Finally psychologists began to incorporate operationism in their approach to psychology.
Q: What are intervening variables? Give an example.
A: Intervening variables are the unobserved and inferred factors within the organism that are the actual determinant of the behavioral response to a given stimulus situation. For example, hunger cannot actually be seen but it can precisely and objectively relate to an experimental variable such as the speed with which it was eaten.
Q: What role did the spirit of mechanism play in Hull’s approach to behaviorism?
A: The spirit of mechanism made Hull think, that behaviorists should refer to their patients as machines, he also argued that machines would one day think and display other human cognitive functions.
Q: Define Hull’s concepts of primary and secondary drives.
A: Primary drives are associated with innate biological need states and are crucial for an organism survival. Primary drives include food, water, air, temperature regulation. Defecation, urination, sleep, activity, sexual intercourse, and pain relief. Secondary drives are situations or an