nishi
Nishigandha Sambrani MYP 4 14 March, 13
Essay: Use of vaccine against any one microbial disease- Tetanus
Vaccines are biological preparation that improves immunity towards a particular disease. It contains an agent that corresponds a disease-causing microorganism and attenuated or killed forms of microbes. This agent stimulates the human body’s immune system to recognize the agent as new or foreign particle and destroy the agent. The immune system of a human is capable to remember the microorganism later (immunological memory) and destroy it. Vaccines are mainly of two types, either prophylactic (prevent the effects of a future infection) or therapeutic (vaccines against cancer). A vaccine helps to protect the human body from certain diseases but they still can’t guarantee complete protection from the disease. This is because either the vaccine is not capable or the immune system does not have particular cells to activate antibodies. The modern science today is trying to have an effective vaccine for every disease. The vaccines such as the vaccine for swine flu were not capable to stop the infection and a huge number of people die. The doctors and scientists have a big job to introduce new vaccines against harmful diseases as well as improve the vaccines, which are already introduced.
In this essay the use of vaccine against a microbial disease will be discussed and evaluated. Tetanus is a bacterial disease, also called as the lockjaw. It was a serious disease with a high rate of mortality, 80-90 % before specific treatment was available. Even after specific treatment the case fatality rate varies from 15-50 %. This microbial disease is commonly found in countries where the climate is warm and in rural areas where the soil is fertile and highly cultivated, where human and animal populations are substantial and live in close association and where unhygienic practices are common and medical facilities are poor. Tetanus is a
Essay: Use of vaccine against any one microbial disease- Tetanus
Vaccines are biological preparation that improves immunity towards a particular disease. It contains an agent that corresponds a disease-causing microorganism and attenuated or killed forms of microbes. This agent stimulates the human body’s immune system to recognize the agent as new or foreign particle and destroy the agent. The immune system of a human is capable to remember the microorganism later (immunological memory) and destroy it. Vaccines are mainly of two types, either prophylactic (prevent the effects of a future infection) or therapeutic (vaccines against cancer). A vaccine helps to protect the human body from certain diseases but they still can’t guarantee complete protection from the disease. This is because either the vaccine is not capable or the immune system does not have particular cells to activate antibodies. The modern science today is trying to have an effective vaccine for every disease. The vaccines such as the vaccine for swine flu were not capable to stop the infection and a huge number of people die. The doctors and scientists have a big job to introduce new vaccines against harmful diseases as well as improve the vaccines, which are already introduced.
In this essay the use of vaccine against a microbial disease will be discussed and evaluated. Tetanus is a bacterial disease, also called as the lockjaw. It was a serious disease with a high rate of mortality, 80-90 % before specific treatment was available. Even after specific treatment the case fatality rate varies from 15-50 %. This microbial disease is commonly found in countries where the climate is warm and in rural areas where the soil is fertile and highly cultivated, where human and animal populations are substantial and live in close association and where unhygienic practices are common and medical facilities are poor. Tetanus is a
Bibliography: http://www.ars.org/?page_id=3066 http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/86/2/07-040089/en/ http://www.immunizationinfo.org/issues/immunization-policy/vaccine-economics http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/10/14 http://www.economist.com/node/5017166 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12583457 Text book of microbiology (7th edition) by C K J Paniker Text book of Biotechnology by B.D Singh