Note
11/22/2011
FOUNDATION PHYSICS II
ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM GEOMETRICAL OPTICS & PHYSICAL OPTICS MODERN PHYSICS
ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM
• Electric Charges, Forces & Fields • Electric Potential & Electric Potential Energy • Electric Current & Direct Current Circuits • Magnetism • Magnetism Flux & Faraday’s Law of Induction • Electromagnetic Waves
Electric Charges, Forces, and Fields
• Electric Charge • Insulators and Conductors
19-1 Electric Charge
The effects of electric charge were first observed as static electricity:
• Coulomb’s Law
• The Electric Field • Electric Field Lines • Shielding and Charging by Induction • Electric Flux and Gauss’s Law
After being rubbed on a piece of fur, an amber rod acquires a charge and can attract small objects.
Charged Objects and the Electric Force
19-1 Electric Charge
Like charges repel and unlike charges attract each other. Quiz 1 All electrons have exactly the same charge; the charge on the proton (in the atomic nucleus) has the same magnitude but the opposite sign:
1
11/22/2011
19-1 Electric Charge
The electrons in an atom are in a cloud surrounding the nucleus, and can be separated from the atom with relative ease.
19-1 Electric Charge
When an amber rod is rubbed with fur, some of the electrons on the atoms in the fur are transferred to the amber:
19-1 Electric Charge
We find that the total electric charge of the universe is a constant: Electric charge is conserved. Also, electric charge is quantized in units of e. The atom that has lost an electron is now positively charged – it is a positive ion The atom that has gained an electron is now negatively charged – it is a negative ion
19-1 Electric Charge
Some materials can become polarized – this means that their atoms rotate in response to an external charge. This is how a charged object can attract a neutral one.
19-2 Insulators and Conductors
Conductor:
Insulators and Conductors
Insulator: Almost no charge flows
FOUNDATION PHYSICS II
ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM GEOMETRICAL OPTICS & PHYSICAL OPTICS MODERN PHYSICS
ELECTRICITY & MAGNETISM
• Electric Charges, Forces & Fields • Electric Potential & Electric Potential Energy • Electric Current & Direct Current Circuits • Magnetism • Magnetism Flux & Faraday’s Law of Induction • Electromagnetic Waves
Electric Charges, Forces, and Fields
• Electric Charge • Insulators and Conductors
19-1 Electric Charge
The effects of electric charge were first observed as static electricity:
• Coulomb’s Law
• The Electric Field • Electric Field Lines • Shielding and Charging by Induction • Electric Flux and Gauss’s Law
After being rubbed on a piece of fur, an amber rod acquires a charge and can attract small objects.
Charged Objects and the Electric Force
19-1 Electric Charge
Like charges repel and unlike charges attract each other. Quiz 1 All electrons have exactly the same charge; the charge on the proton (in the atomic nucleus) has the same magnitude but the opposite sign:
1
11/22/2011
19-1 Electric Charge
The electrons in an atom are in a cloud surrounding the nucleus, and can be separated from the atom with relative ease.
19-1 Electric Charge
When an amber rod is rubbed with fur, some of the electrons on the atoms in the fur are transferred to the amber:
19-1 Electric Charge
We find that the total electric charge of the universe is a constant: Electric charge is conserved. Also, electric charge is quantized in units of e. The atom that has lost an electron is now positively charged – it is a positive ion The atom that has gained an electron is now negatively charged – it is a negative ion
19-1 Electric Charge
Some materials can become polarized – this means that their atoms rotate in response to an external charge. This is how a charged object can attract a neutral one.
19-2 Insulators and Conductors
Conductor:
Insulators and Conductors
Insulator: Almost no charge flows