Nt1310 Unit 5 Learning Essay
CHAPTER 7 REVIEW - LEARNING
1. Learning is defined as “the process of acquiring through experience new and relatively enduring Information or behaviors.”
2. Two forms of associative learning are classical conditioning, in which the organism associates __________, and operant conditioning, in which the organism associates __________.
a. two or more responses; a response and consequence
b. two or more stimuli; two or more responses
c. two or more stimuli; a response and consequence
d. two or more responses; two or more stimuli
3. In Pavlov’s experiments, the tone started as a neutral stimulus, and then became a(n) Conditioned stimulus.
4. Dogs have been taught to salivate to a circle but not to a square. This process is an example of Discrimination. …show more content…
generalization.
c. spontaneous recovery.
d. discrimination between two stimuli.
6. “Sex sells!” is a common saying in advertising. Using classical conditioning terms, explain how sexual images in advertisements can condition your response to a product.
A sexual image is a US that triggers a UR of interest or arousal. Before the advertisement pairs a product with a sexual image, the product is an NS. Over time the product can become a CS that triggers the CR of interest or arousal.
7. Thorndike’s law of effect was the basis for Skinner’s work on operant conditioning and behavior control.
8. One way to change behavior is to reward natural behaviors in small steps, as they get closer and closer to a desired behavior. This process is called Shaping.
9. Your dog is barking so loudly that it’s making your ears ring. You clap your hands, the dog stops barking, your ears stop ringing, and you think to yourself, “I’ll have to do that when he barks again.” The end of the barking was for you a
a. positive reinforcer.
b. negative reinforcer.
c. positive punishment.
d. negative punishment.
10. How could your psychology instructor use negative reinforcement to encourage your attentive behavior during …show more content…
Evidence that cognitive processes play an important role in learning comes in part from studies in which rats
a. spontaneously recover previously learned behavior.
b. develop cognitive maps.
c. exhibit respondent behavior.
e. generalize responses.
18. Rats that explored a maze without any reward were later able to run the maze as well as other rats that had received food rewards for running the maze. The rats that had learned without reinforcement demonstrated LATENT LEARNING
19. Children learn many social behaviors by imitating parents and other models. This type of learning is called OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING.
20. According to Bandura, we learn by watching models because we experience VICARIOUS reinforcement or VICARIOUS punishment.
21. Parents are most effective in getting their children to imitate them if
a. their words and actions are consistent.
b. they have outgoing personalities.
c. one parent works and the other stays home to care for the children.
d. they carefully explain why a behavior is acceptable in adults but not in children.
22. Some scientists believe that the brain has MIRROR neurons that enable observation and imitation.
23.Most experts agree that repeated viewing of TV violence
a. makes all viewers significantly more
1. Learning is defined as “the process of acquiring through experience new and relatively enduring Information or behaviors.”
2. Two forms of associative learning are classical conditioning, in which the organism associates __________, and operant conditioning, in which the organism associates __________.
a. two or more responses; a response and consequence
b. two or more stimuli; two or more responses
c. two or more stimuli; a response and consequence
d. two or more responses; two or more stimuli
3. In Pavlov’s experiments, the tone started as a neutral stimulus, and then became a(n) Conditioned stimulus.
4. Dogs have been taught to salivate to a circle but not to a square. This process is an example of Discrimination. …show more content…
generalization.
c. spontaneous recovery.
d. discrimination between two stimuli.
6. “Sex sells!” is a common saying in advertising. Using classical conditioning terms, explain how sexual images in advertisements can condition your response to a product.
A sexual image is a US that triggers a UR of interest or arousal. Before the advertisement pairs a product with a sexual image, the product is an NS. Over time the product can become a CS that triggers the CR of interest or arousal.
7. Thorndike’s law of effect was the basis for Skinner’s work on operant conditioning and behavior control.
8. One way to change behavior is to reward natural behaviors in small steps, as they get closer and closer to a desired behavior. This process is called Shaping.
9. Your dog is barking so loudly that it’s making your ears ring. You clap your hands, the dog stops barking, your ears stop ringing, and you think to yourself, “I’ll have to do that when he barks again.” The end of the barking was for you a
a. positive reinforcer.
b. negative reinforcer.
c. positive punishment.
d. negative punishment.
10. How could your psychology instructor use negative reinforcement to encourage your attentive behavior during …show more content…
Evidence that cognitive processes play an important role in learning comes in part from studies in which rats
a. spontaneously recover previously learned behavior.
b. develop cognitive maps.
c. exhibit respondent behavior.
e. generalize responses.
18. Rats that explored a maze without any reward were later able to run the maze as well as other rats that had received food rewards for running the maze. The rats that had learned without reinforcement demonstrated LATENT LEARNING
19. Children learn many social behaviors by imitating parents and other models. This type of learning is called OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING.
20. According to Bandura, we learn by watching models because we experience VICARIOUS reinforcement or VICARIOUS punishment.
21. Parents are most effective in getting their children to imitate them if
a. their words and actions are consistent.
b. they have outgoing personalities.
c. one parent works and the other stays home to care for the children.
d. they carefully explain why a behavior is acceptable in adults but not in children.
22. Some scientists believe that the brain has MIRROR neurons that enable observation and imitation.
23.Most experts agree that repeated viewing of TV violence
a. makes all viewers significantly more